zanimljiva matematika

[Shan Jan]

Jel se mogu muskarci zeniti i sa babadevojkama?edit: jel i pretpostavka da ce svaka porodica kad-tad imati sina?edit2: glup im je obicaj, broj stanovnika tezi ka nuli.

Edited December 25, 2010 by Shan Jan

[kgmr]

lapo lapo?

[radisa]

Zlatni presek? (~1.618)

[betty]

lapo lapo?

yep. ja sam jedno pet puta mislila da nesto radim pogresno kad sam dolazila do tog zakljucka :D pa kao, treba mi olovka, ne mogu ovako, itd. ali verovatnoca rodjenja bilo kog narednog deteta (odredjenog pola) nije vezana za rodjenje bilo kog prethodnog deteta.

[kgmr]

yep. ja sam jedno pet puta mislila da nesto radim pogresno kad sam dolazila do tog zakljucka :D

e da, isto, zato sam jedva cekala da napises odgovor. moj pristup me podseca na piksienu moc.

[Jolly Roger]

Ovaj topić je i onako mrtav, mali OT, ništa strašno...Na današnji dan se navršava tačno 100 godina od rođenja genijalnog matematičara Alana Matisona Tjuringa.

Alan Tjuring Mančester, godina 1952. Jedan čovek je pokraden i nedugo potom, u izjavi policajcima naivno otkriva da je u vezi sa mladjim čovekom iz istog grada. Po tadašnjem zakonu, nije im ostavljena druga mogućnost do privodjenja i podizanja optužnice za „veliku nepristojnost suprotnu Sekciji 11 Amandmana 1885 Krivičnog zakona“. Čekalo ga je sudjenje... 26 godina ranije Dorset, škola Šerborn, godina 1926. Četrnaestogodišnji mladić, nakon puta dugog 100 km, biciklom stiže na početak prvog polugodja. Podvig su propratile lokalne novine a taj entuzijazam će se kasnije pretvoriti u veliku ljubav prema nauci i eksperimentima i pratiće ga kroz čitav život i u svemu što radi. Jedini drug koji je sa njim delio istu viziju a koji je po njegovim i tvrdnjama drugih bio darovitiji, Kristofer Morkom umire 1930. godine od tuberkuloze. To je dogadjaj koji je najverovatnije odredio njegov dalji put, darujući svetu genija - jednog od najzaslužnijih za razvoj računarstva. Kako je Morkom , kao izuzetno nadaren, već dobio stipendiju za Kembridž, Alan Tjuring odlučuje da konkuriše za taj koledž. Kembridž, Specijalna i Univerzalna mašina 1931. godine Tjuring je primljen na Kembridž gde je imao prilike da se nadje u okruženju velikih umova poput Bertranda Rasela (Nobelova nagrada za književnost 1950.), Alfreda Norta Vajtheda (Principia Mathematica), Ludvig Vitgenštajn (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, Philosophical Investigations)... Taj period je karakterističan po jednoj debati o prirodi matematike i logike. Matematika je bila u krizi jer je logicar Kurt Gedel pokazao da postoji odredjen broj problema koji se logički ne mogu rešiti. Time je srušen čitav jedan aksiom da je moguće odgovoriti na sva matematička pitanja. U nadi da će tako „spasti matematiku“, matematičari su pokušali da identifikuju sva „neodlučiva pitanja“. Cela polemika inspirisala je Tjuringa da napiše svoj najuticajniji rad iz oblasti matematike – „O izračunljivim brojevima“. U tom delu govori se o apstraktnoj mašini koja bi trebala pomoći da se otkriju sva „neodlučiva pitanja“. Ta mašina izvršavala bi unapred odredjen algoritam (niz koraka). Jedna mašina bi npr. izvršavala jednu matematičku operaciju, gde bi se potrbni parametri unosili preko jedne papirne trake a rezultat bi se ispisivao na drugu papirnu traku. Kako je važilo „jedna mašina – jedan algoritam“, taj apstraktni model je nazvan „Specijalna Tjuringova mašina“. Kako je već bio zamislio čitav niz specijalnih mašina, sledeći korak je bio „stvaranje“ (sve je teorijski) jedne fleksibilne mašine koja bi bila (sada je tako možemo nazvati) programabilna i sposobna da izvrši bilo koju funkciju. Izbor funkcija bi se takodje vršio ubacivanjem odabranih traka. „Univerzalna Tjuringova mašina“, kako ju je nazvao, u teoriji je trebala dati odgovor na svako pitanje koje je imalo logičan odgovor. Iako se pokazalo da ne može da identifikuje sva „neodlučiva pitanja“, ovaj apstraktni model predstavlja prvi moderni programabilni računar, iako je te 1937. godine postojao samo u teoriji. A i to će se ubrzo promeniti. Možda jednako bitna stvar njegovim dostignućima u nauci, bilo je okruženje u kojima su ona postizana. Tjuring je u jednoj izuzetno tolerantnoj sredini imao veliku podršku. Čak je i homoseksualnost na univerzitetu bila široko prihvaćena pa je bio lišen brige o tome da li će neko saznati za njegovu orjentaciju i šta će na to reći. Razbijanje Enigme, Blečli Park Godina je 1926. Britanija, Francuska, Amerika, svet... Uhvaćene nemačke poruke su stizale do kriptoanalitičara i ostavljale ih kompletno – zbunjene. Početni pokušaji da se odgonetnu poruke bili su apsolutno bezuspešni, vrlo brzo se odustalo od samog pokušaja razbijanja „Enigme“ a Nemci su praktično preko noći dobili najsigurniju komunikaciju na svetu. Ime koje treba pomenuti je Marjan Rejevski, poljski kriptoanalitičar koji je uz pomoć tri elementa pronašao prve slabosti „Enigme“ – straha, matematike i špijunaže. Poljska je bila jedina država koja ni jednog trenutka nije smela da se opušta i odustaje od pokušaja da dešifruje poruke. Sa jedne strane se graničila sa Rusijom koja je želela da proširi komunizam a sa druge sa Nemačkom koja je želela da povrati teritoriju izgubljenu u Prvom svetskom ratu. Element matematike bi morao biti jasan jer za razumevanje rada kao i za dešifrovanje „Enigme“ bio je potreban izuzetan mentalni napor. Špijunaža je pak doprinela konstrukciji modela vojne „Enigme“ i mašine nazvane „bomba“ koja je praktično predstavljala „bruteforce atack“ mašinu (isprobavala je sve kombinacije i kada bi pronašla pravu, lampice bi se upalile). Godina je 1939. Blečli Park. Iskusni britanski kriptoanalitičari iz „Sobe 40“ su odabrali pogodno mesto za Vladinu školu za šifre i kodove. 4. Septembra Alan Tjuring se odaziva na poziv i seli se u Šenli Bruk End, udaljen 5 kilometara od Blečlija. Iako je Blečli u početku nizao uspehe, oni su se uglavnom zasnivali na radovima Rejevskog i činjenici da su operateri „Enigme“ svaki ključ poruke šifrovali dva puta (ako je ključ bio ABC, operater bi kucao ABCABC). Tjuring je odmah pretpostavio da će ubrzo Nemci shvatiti da je to slabost šifre i preći na drugi sistem, pa je stoga počeo sa traganjem alternativnog načina „razbijanja Enigme“. Ubrzo je analizom dešifrovanih poruka shvatio da se sadržaj nekih može znati samo na osnovu vremena i mesta odakle je poslata. Na primer, Nemci su u 6 ujutru slali izveštaj o vremenu, i to na vojnički rigidan način (kratko i jasno) tako da je poruka uhvaćena u to vreme sigurno sadržala reč wetter. Ako bi dešifrant pred sobom imao tekst ETJWPX i znao da on predstavlja reč wetter ostalo bi samo da proveri koja postavka odgovara ovakvom šifrovanju.Kada bi našli pravu postavku, na osnovu samo te jedne poruke znao se dnevni ključ i sve ostale poruke koje stignu tokom dana su sa lakoćom „otvarane“. Ali da li je to bilo zaista tako lako? Kriptoanalitičaru bi i dalje ostalo da proveri 159 000 000 000 000 000 000 mogućih kombinacija, pa je Tjuring pribegao „rastavljanju postavki“. Najveći uspeh je bio poništavanje efekta kablova za ukrštanje. Konstruišući električno kolo koje je vršilo tu funkciju broj kombinacija za proveru sada je iznosio 1 054 560 što je fenomenalan napredak. Osmislivši sistem od 60 grupa bombi (broj kombinacija skremblera „3 od 5“), gde bi svaka grupa trebalo da proveri 17 576 kombinacija, brzinom jedna kombinacija po sekundi – dnevni ključ bi uz pomoć puškice bio dostupan za samo 5 sati. Sve ovo je bilo samo teorija a Blečli je uspeo da izdejstvuje 100 000 funti kako bi ideju pretvorili u funkcionalni uredjaj. 14. Marta 1940. svetlost dana je ugledala Victory, prvi prototip Tjuringove „bombe“ ali je nakon stavljanja u pogon pokazala da se razlikuje od mašine u teoriji. Umesto 5 sati, za dobijanje jednog ključa bilo je potrebno 5 dana. Usledili su veliki napori da se poboljša efikasnost. 1. Maja 1940. Nemci, prestaju sa ponavljanjem ključa poruke i time znatno poboljšavaju sigurnost svojih komunikacija do 8. Avgusta 1940. kada je u Blečli stigla nova „bomba“ Agnus Dei (skraćeno Agnes). Ona je bila u stanju da do ključa dodje u roku od sat vremena (ako je sve išlo kako treba). Blečli je nastavio da redja uspehe. Da pokaže da to zaista ceni, tadašnji predsednik Vlade Vinston Čerčil odlazi u posetu. Zvao ih je „zlatnim guskama koje ležu jaja i nikada ne gaču“. I možda to jeste prava slika koja govori o Blečli parku. Svi zajedno su obavljali izuzetno bitan rad koji je saveznicima pružao neophodne informacije a čak ni najbliži nisu smeli da znaju čime se ovi kriptoanalitičari bave. Zanimljivo je to što je Tjurin jednom prilikom pomenuo majci da je uključen u neku vrstu vojnog istraživanja a ona je bila razočarana što ga to nije nateralo da sredi razbarušenu frizuru. Činjenica da je bio jedan od vrhunskih kriptoanalitičara na svetu je bila strogo čuvana vojna tajna. 12 godina kasnije Alan Tjuring u svedočenju policajcima povodom kradje naivno otkriva da je u vezi sa mladjim čovekom iz istog grada. Po tadašnjem zakonu, nije im ostavljena druga mogućnost do privodjenja i podizanja optužnice za „veliku nepristojnost suprotnu Sekciji 11 Amandmana 1885 Krivičnog zakona“. Izveštavanje medija sa sudjenja i javno objavljivanje presude je doprinelo javnom poniženju. Tjuringu je pružena prilika da bira izmedju zatvorske kazne i jednogodišnje hormonske terapije estrogenom. Bira terapiju, koja je po mišljenu suda trebalo da obuzda njegov libido. Britanska vlada mu ubrzo oduzima dozvolu za rad na poverljivim projektima i zabranjuje mu da radi na istraživačkim projektima iz oblasti razvoja računara. Terapija ga je učinila gojaznim i impotentnim. Vojna tajna je i dalje bila na snazi. 8. Juna 1954. čistačica je pronašla Tjuringa zavaljenog u fotelji. Na stočiću kraj nje je bila polupojedena jabuka u koju je porethodno ubrizgan cijanid. Zaključak patologa bio je – samoubistvo!

http://www.itkutak.com/files/Alan_Tjuring.pdf

 

Enigma Artur Šerbijus je koristeći znanje stečeno na studijama elektrotehnike u Hanoveru i Minhenu, razvio jedan od najpoznatijih šifarskih sistema krećući od osnove Albertijevog „šifarskog diska“ (korišćen za šifrovanje u Američkom gradjanskom ratu). Razvio je „Enigmu“. Šifarski disk je izum iz petnaestog veka a izumeo ga je italijanski arhitekta Leon Alberti. Uredjaj se sastojao od dva bakarna diska, jednog većeg i jednog manjeg, na čijim krajevima je izgravirana abeceda. Oba diska su spojena iglom u sredini i mogla su se slobodno rotirati oko svoje ose. Ovakav način šifrovanja je samo olakšana upotreba Cezarove šifre (supstitucija „slovo za slovo“) ali je kasniji rad Albertija doprineo razvoju novog sistema šifrovanja za koji je najviše zasluga pokupio Blez de Vižner, francuski diplomata koji ju je konačno uobličio. Razvijeni sistem „Enigma“ se sastojao od 5 bitnijih komponenti (mada ih ima više, ove su dovoljne za razumevanje rada). Tastatura služi za unos početnog teksta, bilo radi šifrovanja, bilo radi dešifrovanja. Ploča s lampama predstavlja izlazni uredjaj za prikazivanje šifrovanog odnosno dešifrovanog teksta. Vrlo rana verzija monitora (o LCD ekranima nema ni govora) Skrembler je najbitniji deo ove mašine. Predstavljen je u obliku diska na kome je bilo 26 rupa kroz koje su prolazile žice. Žice su povezivale tastaturu na jednom kraju i ploču s lampama na drugom kraju (nakon niza preplitanja naravno). Da cela stvar ne predstavlja samo fensi varijantu Vižnerove šifre (Cezarova šifra sa više alfabeta) pobrinuo se mehanizam za rotiranje diska. Nakon svakog otkucaja na tastaturi disk se rotira za 1/26 kruga. To znači da, ako teorijski 26 puta zaredom otkucate slovo „a“, 25 puta će ono biti kodirano drugačije od prethodnog puta a samo jednom kao slovo „a“. Kako je ponavljanje simptom slabe šifre, ovaj problem je delimično otklonjen dodavanjem još dva diska. Čisto računice radi ako pomnožite 26*26*26 i u kombinaciju dodate 6 mogućih rasporeda tri diska, dobijate broj od 105456 kombinacija. Dovoljno jako? Četvrti deo je bila ploča s kablovima. Operater Enigme je kod sebe imao 6 kablova kojim je mogao da direktno „prespoji“ slova na tastaturi (tako da kad recimo kucate slovo „b“ šifrovanje ide putanjom namenjenom slovu „t“). Broj načina na koji mogu da se ukrste 6 parova od ukupno 26 slova je 100391791500. To ukratko znači da je broj ključeva koje treba isprobati da bi se došlo do „šablona“ veći od 10 000 000 000 000 000. A to je tek početak. Regularna mašina dostupna Nemcima imala je na raspolaganju 5 diskova od kojih su birana 3 a operateri mornaričke enigme imali su na raspolaganju 8 diskova. Pred početak rata je i broj kablova sa 6 povećan na 10. Računati broj ključeva nije potrebno jer kada na sve to dodate i proceduru da je ključ svakog dana menjan, jasno je da tada nije bilo moguće razbiti šifru Enigme, tada nije postojao odgovarajući tehnički odgovor kripnoanalize na ovu prednost kriptografije. Ili možda jeste? Da bi se obezbedilo dešifrovanje poruka, mašina je posedovala deo nazvan „reflektor“. Taj deo je vraćao struju nazad kroz skremblere pa je za dešifrovanje poruke bilo potrebno samo posedovati „Enigmu“ i imati knjigu šifara u kojima je pravilan početni raspored skremblera za taj dan. Bez obzira na jačinu šifre, koja je bila glavni adut, Šejbijus nije najbolje prošao kada je „Enigmu“ izneo na poslovno i vojno tržište. Cena jednog primerka je iznosila oko 20 000 funti u današnjem novcu. Visoka cena je bila dovoljan razlog za nerazmišljanje o ovom rešenju. Nemačka vojska je i dalje bila samouverena po pitanju trenutne sigurnosti njihovih komunikacija i tek je 1923. godine, nakon objavljivanja „zvanične istorije Prvog svetskog rata“ britanske kraljevske mornarice, shvatila da su njihove komunikacije već dugo, dugo, dugo kompromitovane. Već 1925. „Enigma“ je ušla u masovnu proizvodnju kao izabrano najbolje rešenje a 1926. je vojska počela da je koristi nakon čega su usledile sve važnije institucije, vlada, železnica... Samo vojska je kupila 10 000 primeraka ali Šejbijus nije dočekao da vidi kako njegovo delo donosi prevagu u ratu koji sledi. Umro je od unutrašnjeg krvarenja nastalog udarcem u zid 1929. nakon što je izgubio kontrolu nad kočijama.

http://www.itkutak.com/files/Alan_Tjuring.pdf

Tekst iz "Vremena"

[cmrlj]

Can-you-solve-the-hardest-ever-Sudoku?

[ToniAdams]

Can-you-solve-the-hardest-ever-Sudoku?

resio

[Jolly Roger]

Još jedan mali off...Teodor fon Burg, najbolji na svetuKakav je samo car ovaj dečko, svaka mu čast!

[mire]

gledam cara na b92 info...jao, srbijo, ime ti je miladin kovačević

[MayDay]

evo zadatka. verovatno ste vec culi za njega, ali nije zgoreg ponoviti. ne znam resenje iz glave, ali otprilike znam kako da ga resim, pa mozemo da se igramo.ispred vas su 3 coveka. jedan uvek govori istinu, jedan uvek laze, a treci nekad laze, a nekad govori istinu. mozete da im postavite ukupno tri da/ne pitanja i nakon toga treba da kazete koji je koji od ova tri tipa. dakle, koja je strategija, tj. koja su pitanja.

[Lucia]

May, može li ovako (ako nisam izgrešila):

Osobe A, B i C prepoznati kao L (uvek laže), I (uvek govori istinu) i M (kako kad)Q1: Osoba A, da li B i C uvek lažu? (tačan odgovor: ne)

- Da: A je ili L ili M, B i C su M-I ili L-I par

o

Q2:

Osoba B, da li me je A slagao? (tačan odgovor: da)  Da: B je ili I ili M, C je ili L ili I

• Q3: Osoba C, da li me je A slagao? (tačan odgovor: da) o Da: C=I, B=M, A=L o Ne: C=L, B=I, A=M

 Ne: B je L ili M, C=I

•

Q3:

Osoba C, da li A uvek laže? o Da: A=L, B=M, C=I o Ne: A=M, B=L, C=I

- Ne: A je ili I ili M, B i C su L-M ili L-I par

o

Q2:

Osoba B, da li me je C uvek govori istinu?  Da: B je ili M ili L, C je ili L ili I

•

Q3:

Osoba C, da li me je A slagao? (tačan odgovor: da) o Da: C=I, B=L, A=M o Ne: C=L, B=M, A=I

 Ne: C je ili M ili I, B=L

•

Q3:

Osoba B, da li C uvek govori istinu? o Da: C=M, B=L, A=I o Ne: C=I, B=L, A=M

Strategija - ne znam stručno, a ni obično da objasnim. Valjda da se navuku pitanja na potencijalnog L ili I, a izoluje nepouzdani M.

[MayDay]

Luci, ja jos ovek nisam razbacala na papir. Kad se budem vracala kuci, u prevozu cu lepo, pa cemo da uporedimo. :)

[fonTelefon]

Zene delju matematiku

[Zaz_pi]

Nadam se da ovo moze ovde:Searching for Grigori Perelman, Russia’s reclusive maths genius

Six years ago, Grigori Perelman shocked the world of mathematics: first by solving an unsolvable problem, and then by running from the fame and fortune that went with it. Where did he go?I had never been on a stakeout, but I knew how it was done. I took a book. I bought a few sandwiches. I flipped on the radio and listened to the traffic reports. That kept me awake as I waited for my target: Grigori Yakovlevich Perelman.I was here to interview him, but I had a problem: Perelman was a recluse – possibly the most famous recluse in the world – and hated talking to people.Regarded by many as both the cleverest and the craziest person on the planet, the 46-year-old first came to the world’s attention six years ago when it was announced that he’d solved an unsolvable maths problem. The Poincaré Conjecture concerned the geometry of multidimensional spaces, had broad implications for relativity and quantum physics and helped to explain the shape of the universe.For nearly 100 years, the conjecture had confused the sharpest minds in maths, many of whom had claimed its proof, only to have their work discarded upon subsequent scrutiny. The problem had broken spirits, wasted lives. By the time that Perelman defeated the conjecture, after many years of concentrated exertion, the Poincaré had affected him so profoundly that he appeared broken too.He had shut off contact with most friends and colleagues, stopped cutting his hair and nails and cultivated a wild beard. In 2005, he resigned from his job, saying he was “disappointed” in maths and in 2006, he became the first person in history to turn down the Fields Medal, the top award in mathematics. He declined professorships at Princeton and Berkeley and, in 2010, he shocked the world again by refusing another major prize worth $1million.“I have all that I need,” Perelman reportedly told a colleague in a rare communication. But, despite intense curiosity from the world’s media, and recent rumours of a Hollywood biopic produced by James Cameron, he has never elaborated, not even to his biographer, Masha Gessen.“I don’t want to be on display like an animal in a zoo,” he once told a Russian reporter through the door of the apartment he shares with his mother in St Petersburg. But, while Russian society has largely passed judgment on Perelman – misanthrope, wacko – I admired him. His will was free, his result pure, and therein lay his glory.However, I was hungry for a share of that glory myself and craved an exclusive interview. The only way to do this, I knew, was to go to Russia and sit outside his flat until he came out. Before my flight, I phoned Sergei Kislyakov, the head of St Petersburg’s Steklov Institute of Mathematics, where Perelman had worked as a researcher.“I discourage you from coming here,” said Kislyakov. “Perelman talks to no one. But he particularly hates journalists.” For some reason, this only made me keener.It was spring when I arrived. In Kupchino, the most southerly stop on St Petersburg’s blue metro line, it looked like any other new day. My plan was to rent an apartment with a good view of Perelman’s building and I asked an estate agent to take me around the neighbourhood. “Isn’t there a well-known scientist around here?” I ventured casually.“He lives somewhere on this street,” he replied.“Have you ever seen him?”“Seen him?” he said with a laugh. “Sure, I’ve seen him. Like I’ve seen Putin. On TV.” The guy showed me one dump after another. In the end, I got myself a Hyundai and parked outside Perelman’s building.A dozen storeys high, made of unadorned concrete panels in the dull Brezhnev style, the structure covered half the block. A handful of people gathered in front of the brown steel door to Perelman’s stairwell, smoking.Perelman mixes with no one, I had been told, refusing even to take the lift unless he is the only one in it. And with whom would he mix? The people I saw were roughly drawn; the elderly leaning on spindly wooden canes, the teenagers wasting the day. But, ragged as these surroundings were, Perelman exceeded them. As a younger man, he had been handsome, with soft, dark features, but recent pictures, taken with a camera phone on a train and then transmitted across the web, projected a different image. Perelman’s clothes were dirty and rumpled, his black beard mangy. He looked disturbed as he gazed out from under thick eyebrows, chewing a nail. How would he react when I approached him?My target did not appear on that first day, and I told myself to have the patience of Perelman. He had, after all, spent seven years proving the Poincaré Conjecture.On day two, a few guys with fresh cuts on their faces straggled by, looking for something to do. I stayed where I was. As I waited, I thought about Perelman’s evolution.Brought up in St Petersburg by his mother, Lyubov, a talented mathematician herself, and his father, Yakov, an engineer, Perelman was sent to a school specialising in advanced maths and physics. At 16, he won a gold medal with a perfect score at the International Mathematical Olympiad. At this stage in his life, according to his closest friend, Sergei Rukshin, Perelman interacted with other students. Besides maths, he enjoyed ping-pong and trips to the opera. He possessed a heterosexual orientation, Rukshin told me, but not the fire to pursue this inclination to its logical end.“If Grisha ever looked upon anything with loving eyes,” Rukshin said, using Perelman’s nickname, “it was on the blackboard.” Shortly after Perelman completed a PhD, the Soviet Union collapsed, and the mathematician moved to the United States, where he performed research at universities including NYU and Berkeley. But the US’s world of tenured professors and funded research labs offended Perelman’s sensibilities and he returned to St Petersburg’s Steklov Institute in 1995, disenchanted.By this stage, he had already begun his work on the Poincaré Conjecture, a theorem expounded in 1904 by Henri Poincaré, a French polymath and the founder of topology, the mathematical study of abstract shape, which still informs some of the work done at research institutes like Cern. Owing to the fact that the problem had such a history of false proofs, Perelman told no one about his work. He showed up infrequently and worked on his proof in secret for the next seven years.Had I such industry, I pondered, I wouldn’t be sat in a Hyundai, waiting to speak to someone who would only ever be displeased to see me.By day three, there was still no sign. I was actually relieved, since I had no idea what to say to him. Every question I thought to ask – why he wouldn’t accept the money, why he had turned down the Fields Medal, why he wouldn’t talk to the media – I knew he wouldn’t answer.Transfixed in the tedium of my stakeout, I watched a tramp move along the street. Then, refocusing my eyes on Perelman’s door, I heard myself gasp, “There he is!”It was Perelman, no question. The beard, the hair, the expression of uncertainty as he stumbled into the sun, his mother, Lyubov, by his side. He shuffled toward the bins by the door, looking as if he might rummage through them. They turned down the lane, heading toward the courtyard behind their building. I locked up the car.The courtyard was large, with double-storey buildings positioned haphazardly within it. Trailing at distance, I saw the pair moving across a field. I decided to approach them head-on, rather than sneak up from behind, taking all measures to avoid agitating Perelman. And even though I knew he spoke English, I thought it best to speak Russian with him, to put him further at ease.But the first part of my plan proved impossible. Walking past a heap of rubbish, I lost them, and by the time I saw them again, they were heading back the way they’d come. I would have to approach them from behind after all. Still, I didn’t know what to say.Then I was at his side, and there was no more time to think. “Grigori Yakovlevich?” I said. “Is it you?”Perelman’s head rotated slowly. He appraised me from the corner of one eye. “Excuse me, please,” I continued. “I don’t want to bother you. But I have come from America to speak with you.” Up close, Perelman looked about 5ft 10in and less menacing than I had imagined.Perelman spoke with a high-toned, bird-like voice. And he knew what to say. “You’re a journalist?” I nodded. Perelman looked at the sky, letting out a pained sigh. “I don’t give interviews.” “I know,” I said. “That’s OK.” Perelman and his mother stopped walking. They looked me up and down, as though what I said had confused them. I didn’t know how this was going to go, so I put on a big smile. “Good weather today, huh?” And to my surprise, both the terrifying recluse and his mother let out a laugh. I was in.“How did you know we would be here?” Lyubov Perelman asked. She wore thick glasses, and her cheery face puffed out beneath the beret.“I’m embarrassed to say,” I told her. “Well?” she said.I nodded toward the street. “I’ve been sitting in a car out there waiting for you.”“Really?” she said.“It wasn’t so bad,” I said. “I had a book.”“Are you Russian?” asked Perelman.“American.” He looked at me curiously. By all signs that I could interpret, he was eager to speak with me.“Do you mind if I walk with you for a little bit?” Perelman shrugged, said nothing. We kept on.“I was nervous,” I told him. “Everybody says you are frightening.” Perelman just shrugged, squinting at the sky as if he was contemplating something I would never understand.Lyubov spoke up. “If you’re not getting an interview,” she said, “what’s the point of this?”Perelman put his arm around her. “It’s OK, mother,” he reassured her. “We’re just walking.”Considering all that I had learnt about Perelman, this display of considerate behaviour amazed me. And it emboldened me. No one had got this close to him in years. Maybe he was ready to talk.“I understand that you’re not practising maths anymore,” I said. “Can you tell me what you’re working on?”“I have left mathematics,” he said. “And what I’m doing now, I won’t tell you.” I was ready with another question, but he had one of his own. “You’re really not Russian? You speak like someone who was born in Russia.” Was he trying to relate to me, or was he deflecting attention from himself? Either way, he was showing me that he could deal with people.Pressing my momentum, I asked him a few easy questions. “What are your plans for the holidays?” “How often do you take these walks?” Each time, Perelman shrugged, stared into the sky, said nothing.We made our way toward the archway that led to his door. I tried another serious question. “Considering your abilities, and how young you still are, how might you return to science?” He whined, as if in discomfort so I tried another tack. “How’s your ping-pong game?” I asked.“I haven’t played in a long time,” he said. He was becoming agitated. We had walked for 20 minutes, and what had I figured out? I had got a feeling for the man. As Rukshin had told me, Perelman seemed “tortured by the imperfection of humanity”. But I had not solved the riddle. There was time for one final question. I put it to him in English, the single philosophical question that I hoped he would consider.“Where does your life go from here?”Perelman stepped closer to me. “What?” he said. Perelman’s face was focused in concentration as I repeated the question, and I thought that he might answer it. But when I finished his face went slack, again. He shrugged, squinted into the spring sun. He mumbled, “I don’t know” and with that Perelman and his mother took their leave. I watched them approach their entrance and retreat into the darkness of the vestibule. Perelman was in. He had got some air.

Jedan od komentara na jednom blogu povom teksta:

what a terrible person of a reporter.. how in love with yourself do you have to be to go abuse a man who has clearly spoken to the media that he wants none on this crap.. no interviews, no money, no rewards, nothing.. if you don't get it, then you are stupid and should ponder on that notion for the rest of your life in order to understand what exactly does it mean..but you should leave the man alone..you and the rest of the leeches obviously know nothing of him or his greatness or anything..so just bugger off and report about some new scandal of the kardashians.. its what people want to read and know anyway.. bunch of sheeple.. from people to reporters..

Inace i James Cameron ga zamara da snimi film o njemu.