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Privatizacija velikih javnih preduzeca


Isis

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Posted
Rekla si Znači ne znaš, sama to priznaješ, ali si sad došla da nas sve ovde procejuješ kao mi formiramo mišljenja i još ustanoviš da drugi nemaju pojma. :lol: Srbija vapije, što reče Jočić, za takvima.Indi, biću zahvalan na tvojim prilozima. U svakom slučaju, jasno je da nije poenta u obliku vlasništva, nego kako se takva služba nadzire, koji su izvori prihoda itd.
da bi o necemu imao pojma treba da se dovoljno dugo i duboko bavis time. ja recimo sam se godinu dana bavila elektroenergetskim sektorom, ali i dalje ne bih za sebe rekla da se razumem u njega i nije mi problem da to priznam. tako da verujem i da se vecina koja ovde pise ne razume ni u vodosnabdevanje, sto ne znaci da ljudi nemaju misljenje o istom, narocito kada to pitanje postane issue u politickoj kampanji, a mene zanima kako ga formiraju. tebe vidim uglavnom zanima da vredjas. srbija verovatno vapije za takvima.
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Posted

A, ne ide to tako,ja sam prvi rabio frazu, to što nisam stavio ne znači da može svako da je razvlači. Po običaju, ispadneš glupa i neupućena, pa se onda vozdižeš iz rasprave... Ipak, tvoja neupućenost je mnogo bolja od naše neupućenosti je li, iako ispadosmo malo upućeniji od tebe. :D Dobar to princip, onaj ko nema pojma sertifikuje da li drugi imaju pojma. Jesu li te to učili u Mlecima?

Posted
tako da verujem i da se vecina koja ovde pise ne razume ni u vodosnabdevanje
Razume se iDemo (mislim da mu je to posao), ali ne znam da li on sad dolazi ovde. (Ono moje sto sam pominjao u vezi vodosnabdevanja u Zap. Australiji je u spoileru.)

Case study 1:Adaptation measures for metropolitan water supply for Perth, Western AustraliaPerth, WA Perth, the city of 1.5M and an annual population growth of 1.8%, represents a modern and developed urban centre One of the most isolated cities in the world Perth has a history of water restrictions, frequently imposed in the pastWater Sources There are four main sources of fresh water for Perth: Shallow unconfined aquifers Confined aquifers Surface reservoirs Seawater desalination 70% of water is for domestic use Half of the domestic use water is to maintain gardensIntegrated Water Supply Scheme Water Corporation operates the Integrated Water Supply Scheme (IWSS) It is state owned and ran by the Department of Water Water Corporation (Perth) attempts to incorporate climate change in planningNational Water Initiative CoAG (Council of Australian Governments) introduced the National Water Initiative (earlier it was Water Reform Framework) National Water Initiative emphasises: Increased water efficiency Pricing (“user pays”) Water trading between rural and urban sectors Perth had a “user pays” system for water since 1978 “User pays” reduced domestic water useImpacts of Climate Change Impacts on river flows – most important Correlation between rainfall and stream flow will depend on the region Climate change impacts on groundwater tables Sea level changes can negatively impact the freshwater quality Increased floodingPerth Water Supply Changes SW corner of WA has experienced a reduction in runoff, mostly caused by a reduction in rainfall Other sources of changes in runoff are: Changes in forest and fire management, plus mining Also affecting runoff is a spread of dieback diseaseClimate Change Scenarios A1B and A1FI scenarios predict the Perth average temperatures rise (compared to 1990): 0.6 - 1.2°C by 2030 1 - 3.8°C by 2070 Expected rainfall reduction: -14% to -1% by 2030 -39% to -2% by 2070Other Climate Predictions Polebitski et al (2011): in Washington, rising temperatures are expected + less rainfall; But modelling shows population growth very important factor Confirmed by McDonald et al (2011); They also forecast that globally in 2050 more than 1 billion people will live in cities without sufficient available water within their urban extentPerth's Capacity to Cope WA and NT urban supply of water not as dependent on surface water For comparison, water supply for Brisbane and Sydney is solely based on dams Perth authorities started to be concerned about low inflows some time ago (mid 1980s) They coped by “de-rating” the IWSS capacity twice New dams were constructedRecord Low Inflows Perth inflows were the lowest on record in the 2000-2007 period This led to new restrictions in the use of sprinklers Also new bores were drilled Perth Seawater Desalination Plant, based on reverse-osmosis (capacity of 45 billion L per year)Adaptation in the Water Sector Adaptation to change in water supply and demand was always central to water management (IPCC, 2007) Cost is and will be high (O'Hara et al, 2008) Recommended for adaptation strategies to be based on ”scenario planning”, which is optimal for conditions of high uncertainty and low degree of control (Bates, 2010)Modelling Different Strategies Comparing ”no adaptation” to ”green” response (conscious sustainable) and ”ad hoc” (replacement of failed systems as we go) Modelling different demographic and climatic scenarios ”No adaptation” faired the worst; anticipating climate change shown as beneficial Better storm water management, improving capacity (reservoirs), considering wastewater – all worthwhile adaptation optionsAdaptation has Limits Demand can be reduced only to a certain point beyond which health can be at risk Economic costs can prevent adaptation strategies that are physically possible Similarly, social and political forces can limit adaptation options available Model uncertainties can hinder adaptation action, when expensive investment is required in the face of uncertainty Adaptation: Desalination Plants The major new development was the building of the Perth Seawater Desalination Plant (capacity 45 billion L per year) This plant receives its electricity from the Emu Downs wind farm Another Desalination Plant is built 2007 (50 billion L capacity, to go to 100 b in the future) The new desalination plant will also be powered by renewable energyOther Adaptation Strategies Integrated Water Cycle Management (IWCM) uses: Roof runoff Recycled sewage Storm water capture Goals are efficient use of resources, including non-traditional sources IWCM includes protection from flooding, and sets water quality targetsFuture Adaptation Strategies The current use of reused wastewater in Perth is low The new target for 2012 is 20% of the total water Large scale schemes and industrial users have better potential for reused wastewater compared to households Another use for treated wastewater is to replenish groundwater (this is currently in trial)Other Adaptation Options Thinning selected trees in re-growth forests, which have been rehabilitated after mining This selected thinning could lead to significant increases in inflows Water trading between urban users and irrigation co-operatives could provide 17-34 billion L per year to Perth However: supply-side options may have adverse environmental consequences (IPCC 2007)Adaptation: Demand Management Consumer education – H2Omesmart, 12 month program helping households reduce water use and improve efficiency (Water Corporation, 2011) Demand management, along wih water sensitive urban design ”highly desirable” (Short et al, 2010) Demand management rebates for water saving were successful in SE QLD (Maloney & McDonald, 2010)Conclusions Future climate change likely to increasingly negatively affect urban water supply, along with increased population There is a range of adaptation strategies that are possible (and are already in place), but they have limits Providing non-traditional water sources, water-sensitive urban planning and consumer education – strong adaptation toolsReferences Bates, BC 2010, 'Managing water resources under climate uncertainty: challenges and opportunities'. Climate change adaptation conference, 30 June 2010 <http://www.nccarf.edu.au/conference2010/presentations>'>http://www.nccarf.edu.au/conference2010/presentations>'>http://www.nccarf.edu.au/conference2010/presentations>'>http://www.nccarf.edu.au/conference2010/presentations> Bates, BC & Hughes, G 2009, ‘Adaptation measures for metropolitan water supply for Perth, Western Australia’, in F Ludwid, P Kabat, H van Schaik, & M van der Valk (eds), Climate change adaptation in the water sector, Earthscan, London, pp. 187–204. IPCC 2007, Assessment report 4, contribution of working group II, impacts, adaptation and vulnerability, Cambridge University Press, New York. Ch. 3.6, pp 196–199 Kirsten, P, Ruth, M, Anderson, W 2008, 'Interdependencies of urban climate change impacts and adaptation strategies: a case study of metropolitan Boston, USA', Climatic Change, 2008, 86, pp. 105 - 122 Ludwig, F & Moensch M 2009, ‘The impacts of climate change on water’, in F Ludwid, P Kabat, H van Schaik, & M van der Valk (eds), Climate change adaptation in the water sector, Earthscan, London, pp. 35–50. Maloney, M, & McDonald, I 2010, 'Transforming domestic consumption patterns in urban water supply in South East Queensland' (presentation), 2010 International Climate Change Adaptation Conference, Gold Coast, 30 June 2010 <http://www.nccarf.edu.au/conference2010/presentations> McDonald, RI, Green, P, Balk, D, Fekete, BM, Revenga C, Todd, M, Montgomery, M 2011, Urban growth, climate change and freshwater availability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108(15), pp. 6312-6317 O'Hara, JK, Georgakakos, KP 2008, 'Quantifying the urban water supply impacts of climate change', Water Resources Management (2008), 22, pp. 1477-1497 Polebitski, AS, Palmer, RN, Waddell, P 2011, Evaluating water demands under climate change and transitions in the urban environment, Journal of water resources planning and management, ASCE, May/June 2011, pp. 249-257 Short, M, Peters, GM, Shultz, M, Rocheta, E, Peirson, WL, Stuetz, RM, Cox, RJ 2010, 'Challenges in adapting water resources and infrastructure to climate change' (presentation), NCCARF Settlements and Infrastructure Network, ACCARNSI <http://www.nccarf.edu.au/conference2010/presentations> Summerton, M 2010, 'Effective water resources planning to maintain water supply at acceptable level of risk' (presentation), 2010 International Climate Change Adaptation Conference, Gold Coast, 30 June 2010 <http://www.nccarf.edu.au/conference2010/presentations> UNEP/GRID-Arendal 2008, The contribution of climate change to declining water availability, cartographer Philippe Rekacewicz (Le Monde diplomatique), data source Arnell, 2004, viewed 18 September 2011, <http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/the-contribution-of-climate-change-to-declining-water-availability> Water Corporation 2011, viewed 18 September 2011, <http://www.watercorporation.com.au> Ziervogel, G, Johnston, P, Matthew, M, Mukheibir, P 2010, 'Using climate information for supporting climate change adaptation in water resource management in South Africa', Climatic Change 2010, 103, pp. 537-554

Posted

Francuska je mislim najdalje otisla u privatizovanju vodovoda.Ima tri firme koje to rade od koje su dvije u samom svjetskom vrhu (cini mi se da su prva i druga po velicini u svijetu) : Vivendi i Suez a treca je Saur. Te tri firme su donedavno drzale sve gradske vodovode u Francuskoj. Kada su privatizovani ti vodovodi, drzava (to jest gradovi) su u izrcito trazili da voda mora da bude obavezno kvalitetna za pice.Sta smo dobili:Francuzi najvise na svijetu kupuju vodu u bocamaCijena kubika vode je postepeno skakala (nije naglo ali svake godine minimum po 5%)U nekim predjelima, voda uopste nije pitka (Bretagne-a i to radi intezivne agrikulture)Grad Pariz je prije dvije tri godine opet preuzeo vodovod sto je atomatski prouzokovalo pad cijene kubika vode (kvalitet je ostao isti a gradjani cesce dobijaju informacije o kvalitetu vode). Jos nekoliko gradova je uradilo isto sa istim rezultatom. I jos bolje, Vivendi, Suez i Saur su pocele da smamnjuju cijene tamo gdje i dalje drze vodovod.Razumjem ja da je konkurencija najbolje stvar (kao naprimjer u telekomunikacijama) ali ne razumjem kako mozes uvesti efikasnu konkurenciju u vodovodu i u energetici.Te firme su potpisivale ugovore sa gradovima na min 10-ak godina (najvise 30-ak) i ponasale su se kao najgori monopolisti.Ista stvar je i sa autoputevima (ali to je druga prica).

Posted
Razumjem ja da je konkurencija najbolje stvar (kao naprimjer u telekomunikacijama) ali ne razumjem kako mozes uvesti efikasnu konkurenciju u vodovodu i u energetici.
Da budem iskren, ne razumem ni ja - ali, mi ovde imamo konkurenciju u snabdevanju energijom, stavise uzasno su dosadni, stalno navaljuju da predjemo kod druge kompanije, kao ustedecemo. Pretpostavljam da je to u osnovi slican model kao sa telekomunikacijama. Medjutim, to ne znaci da to za vodu isto sve mora da funkcionise... mislim da je sustinska razlika u tome sto je voda ogranicen resurs (energije se moze proizvesti vise, kapacitet telefonskih centrala se moze povecati... vode se ne moze [lako] stvoriti vise, ako je nema).PS. Koliko kod vas trose na flasiranu vodu? U Australiji, prosle godine - 580 miliona dolara! Na 20 mil. stanovnika :mellow:
Posted
Razume se iDemo (mislim da mu je to posao), ali ne znam da li on sad dolazi ovde. (Ono moje sto sam pominjao u vezi vodosnabdevanja u Zap. Australiji je u spoileru.)
sto se australije i vodosnabdevanja tice, niti sam videla negde vise kise, niti da se ljudi vise plase kako nema vode. :) salim se, shvatam da je tamo supply & demand management central issue, vise nego cena i kvalitet.sto me podseti, australiji ne pada na pamet da vadi naftu iz uljnih skriljaca, da ne bi unistila svoje vode (a i ima PNG za to, doduse <_< ), dok u srbiji niko nista, pa da nije to privatno partnerstvo red harring tu, a pravi issue nesto drugo. :unsure:
Posted (edited)

Mislim da je Zabalujev u pravu ono sto pominje regulacije. Mnogi koji vade rudu u Australiji su ne samo privatni, vec i stranci (75% su u stranom vlasnistvu), pa opet _uglavnom_ ne unistavaju prirodu, verovatno ne zato sto im je zao, nego bi bili kastigovani. Nema bez toga nista, prvo mora da ide to (law & order), pa onda moze liberalizacija do mile volje. U protivnom, imas Somaliju.Samo sto ne moze da se ceka do vecnosti da sve okolnosti budu idealne (ne pricam vise o vodi, vec uopste). To i jeste razlog sto je Srbija tu gde je, dok zemlja koja je bila na slicnom mestu 2000. (Slovacka) raste cak i sada i u sred evropske krize. Treba ozbiljno pogledati kako su oni to odradili, posto sam prilicno siguran da nisu bili nekorumpirani. Meni je problem Srbije vise sistemski, nego taj neki 'moralisticki' koji neki vole da naglasavaju.EDIT. Proverio, pa Slovacka je jedva malo bolja po transparentnosti/nekorumpiranosti sada (2010) u poredjenju sa Srbijom. Slovacka 4.3, Srbija 3.5 - a Slovacka napreduje silovito vec deceniju, sigurno da je u startu i ona tavorila oko trojke na indeksu korupcije, mrzi me sad da downloadujem reporte za ranije godine.

Edited by Indy
Posted

Ovo sam nasaowater2.jpgNe znam kako vodovod moze da bude slican model kao sa telekomunikacijama. Telekom operatori imaju svoje mreze koje mogu bez nekih vecih problema da sire i da razvijaju. Ti u stanu mozes da imas prikljucak za vise operatora (opticki prikljucci, svi operatori ga uvode u zgrade i svaki operator uvodi svoj) a ne pricam o mobilnoj mrezi. Sa vodovodom to ne mozes da radis.

Posted (edited)

pretpostavljam da ne bi smeli (zbog politickog rizika) da privatizuju sve odjednom, nego jedan vodovod, pa kad se pokaze da je ok, onda sire. mada opet, od svega, vodovod valjda i nije bas najkriticniji za privatizaciju, a naravno da ce politicki postavljan direktor JP koji treba da buse predmet privatizacije da bude protiv. <_<relevantniji je private-public partnership u finansiranju projekata.

Edited by rajka
Posted
Ne znam kako vodovod moze da bude slican model kao sa telekomunikacijama.
Pa da, ja sam napisao da je energija slicna telekomunikacijama.U vezi ove potrosnje flasirane vode, nisam pomenuo da je u Australiji cesmovaca svuda 100% pitka. Ali, ispada da drugi trose jos i mnogo vise.
Posted

Evo šta sam ja izguglao za pola sata, od kako je bumpovana tema...View New Content, ko ga smisli...Kembridž, socijalne nauke, Madjari. i VremeSve što Zabalujev reče, tako i potvrdi ovaj gospodin. A situacija u Srbiji i u Mađarskoj je veoma slična što se tiče vodosnabdevanja - u Madjarskoj postoji ni manje ni više nego 350 kompanija koje snabdevaju vodom 10 miliona ljudi. Kod nas bi broj bio manji, 48 javnih komunalnih preduzeća za vodovod i kanalizaciju. Znam da je svaka manja opština imala "vodnu zajednicu"(to je neki opštinski organ koji uglavnom služi da se gube živci), a svaki grad vodoprivredno preduzeće, valjda je to eliminisano?

Posted
a svaki grad vodoprivredno preduzeće, valjda je to eliminisano?
Nije. Kod mene npr. šljaka JKP "Vodovod" koji 20 godina gradi leskovački Skadar na Bojani a koji je proradio na Uskrs ove godine za grad, s tim da se planira njegovo proširenje na okolne opštine izgradnjom dovoda pijaće vode.To nikako nije za privatizaciju, ali jeste za joint venture tj. privatno-javno partnerstvo, kao što je i odrađeno sa gradskom čistoćom koja je izmeštena iz JKP Komunalac i napravljeno zajedničko preuduzeće s Austrijancima (Porr-Werner&Weber Leskovac) sa udelima 30:70. Lokalci su se nadrpali para od Austrijanaca dok je to proradilo, ali radi. Završena sanitarna deponija po svim standardima, grade regionalni reciklažni centar, doterali su kompletno novi vozni park, kante za domaćinstva, kontejnere koje prazne vrlo uredno i sve to se plaća 60ak dinara po glavi stanovnika mesečno.Dakle, itekako može.
Posted (edited)

O, pa to smeće je odlična zarada. Tu zaista može da se fino uključi privatni sektor koji će gledati da temeljno sakuplja jer - može da zaradi na tome. Reciklaža, pa deponija kao izvor prirodnog gasa itd. Ide neki aber okolo da su beogradski gradski oci početkom prošle decenije imali ponude iz inostranstva za takve projekte, ali da nije bilo dostupno dovoljno koferčića.

Edited by Zabalujev
Posted

Pa jeste, da nije ne bi se time mafija bavila po Italiji i Americi. :D Poenta je u tome da to javni sektor nije umeo da odradi kako valja, nije imao ideje, para itd. Sad, ako ništa drugo, grad ima dividendu od 30% i uređen sistem odlaganja i prerade otpada. Win-win.Sve to može i sa ostatkom javnog sektora. Kod nas se gradonačelnik čak spremao i za izmeštanje čistačica, majstora i sl. iz gradske administracije i angažovanje firme koja će se time baviti tj. za outsourcing, ali je koliko čujem već počelo da se talasa među ušuškanim gradskim službenicima zbog toga.

Posted (edited)

Ovde se previse diskutuje na nivou drzavno/javno vs. privatno sto uopste nije glavni argument za bolji servis. Glavni elementi su regulacija kroz nezavisno sudstvo/pravnu drzavu i konkurencija izmedju privatnih, drzavnih ili raznih oblika lokalnih preduzeca. Konkurencija u sektoru telekomunikacija funkcionise zbog prirode infrastrukture koju svaka kompanija moze da gradi zasebno. U drugim sektorima gde to nije moguce treba naravno odvojiti vlasnistvo infrastrukture od servisa koji se pruza. Tako recimo elektricna energija ili voda moraju da ispunjavaju odredjeni standard (napon, kvalitet vode) a proizvodjaci se utrkuju ko ce da proizvede najjeftiniju struju/vodu na najcistiji nacin dok gradjani slobodno biraju izmedju njih. E sad, samo vlasnistvo nad infrastrukturom mislim da je daleko najbolje ostaviti u lokalnim rukama (tako da postoji i konkurencija izmedju lokalnih samouprava) a ne u drzavnim ili privatnim sto opet ne bi smelo sprecavati privatnike da grade paralelnu infrastrukturu tamo gde to ima smisla (primer bi bile recimo zeleznice). Monopol u rukama centralne drzave kao i monopol u rukama korporacija su daleko najgore opcije a privatizacija bez prethodne reforme i uspostavljanja nezavisnog sudstva obicno zavrsava pljackom.

Edited by Anduril

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