Niska Orbita

[Skyhighatrist]

 

Inače, ono prvo se zove "Tilt-Shifting", ovaj Silver je to navežbo do besvesti...

 

 

 

Kačio je Kaubojac ranije, možda baš njega...

[bigvlada]

[bigvlada]

Japan launching 'space junk' collector (Update)

 

 December 9, 2016  

 

Japan's unmanned cargo spacecraft, "Kounotori" is to blast off from the southern island of Tanegashima around 10:30 pm local time attached to an H-IIB rocket 

 

 Japan launched a cargo ship Friday bound for the International Space Station, carrying a 'space junk' collector that was made with the help of a fishnet company. 

 

 

The vessel, dubbed "Kounotori" (stork in Japanese), blasted off from the southern island of Tanegashima just before 10:27 pm local time (1327 GMT) attached to an H-IIB rocket.

 

Scientists at the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) are experimenting with a tether to pull junk out of orbit around Earth, clearing up tonnes of space clutter including cast-off equipment from old satellites and pieces of rocket.

 

The launch was successful as "the satellite was removed from the rocket" and put into the planned orbit about 15 minutes after the liftoff, JAXA spokesman Nobuyoshi Fujimoto on Tanegashima told AFP. 

 

More than 50 years of human space exploration since the Soviet-launched Sputnik satellite in 1957 has produced this hazardous belt of orbiting debris.

 

There are estimated to be more than 100 million pieces in orbit, posing a growing threat to future space exploration, scientists say.

 

Researchers are using a so-called electrodynamic tether made from thin wires of stainless steel and aluminium.

 

The idea is that one end of the strip will be attached to debris which can damage working equipment—there are hundreds of collisions every year.

 Japan's unmanned cargo spacecraft, "Kounotori" is to blast off from the southern island of Tanegashima around 10:30 pm local time attached to an H-IIB rocket 

 

The electricity generated by the tether as it swings through the Earth's magnetic field is expected to have a slowing effect on the space junk, which should, scientists say, pull it into a lower and lower orbit.

 

Eventually the detritus will enter the Earth's atmosphere, burning up harmlessly long before it has a chance to crash to the planet's surface.

 

JAXA worked on the project with Japanese fishnet manufacturer Nitto Seimo to develop the cord, which has been about 10 years in the making.

 

"The tether uses our fishnet plaiting technology, but it was really tough to intertwine the very thin materials," company engineer Katsuya Suzuki told AFP.

 

"The length of the tether this time is 700 metre (2,300 feet), but eventually it's going to need to be 5,000 to 10,000 metre-long to slow down the targeted space junk," he added.

 

Previous experiments using a tether have been done in recent years.

 

Another spokesman for the space agency has said it hopes to put the junk collection system into more regular use by the middle of the next decade.

 

"If we are successful in this trial, the next step will be another test attaching one tip of the tether to a targeted object," he added.

 

The cargo ship launched Friday is also carrying other materials for the ISS including batteries and drinking water for the astronauts living there.

 

http://phys.org/news/2016-12-japan-space-junk-collector.html

 

Interesantna ideja, videćemo šta će od toga ispasti. 

[bigvlada]

Matori Sojuz je nedavno napunio 50 godina od prvog lansiranja (bez ljudske posade).

 

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/dec/11/soyuz-space-fifty-years-old

[bigvlada]

Iz vremena kada su ljudi sanjali velike snove, Convair Nexus, letelica koja je dizajnirana da smesti 450 tona tereta u orbitu i onda se lagano vrati nazad i prizemlji. 

 

 

 

Ovo malo crno pored njega je raketa Atlas. 

 

 

 

 

Poređenje sa šatlom. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Postojale su verzije sa hemijskim i nuklearnim drugim stepenom. 

 

 

 

I jedna sjajna fotografija, koja plastično objašnjava kako bi izgledao let. U pitanju je serija fotografija napravljenih brzom kamerom koja predstavlja poletanje, let i sletanje MekDonel Daglas DC-X SSTO demonstratora iz prve polovine devedesetih. 

Edited December 28, 2016 by bigvlada

[bigvlada]

[Skyhighatrist]

Launchspace pitches debris sweeper that doubles as satellite tracker

 

 

 

Launchspace Technologies proposes sending Debris Collection Units with replaceable, mesh Debris Impact Pads into orbits shaped and synchronized to clean up debris as it crosses the equator, while stearing clear of satellites and debris large enough to track.

[bigvlada]

Kina je lansirala svoj prvi teretnjak. Testiraće se spajanje sa orbitalnom stanicom i pretakanje goriva. Sada su otprilike na nivou SSSR-a iz polovine sedamdesetih. Sledeća stanica bi trebalo da ima više modula kao i redovne posete letelica za snabdevanje kao i onih sa ljudskom posadom. Kineska verzija Mira je blizu ostvarenja. 

 

http://www.space.com/36539-china-launches-tianzhou-1-space-cargo-ship.html

[bigvlada]

Airbus je uspeo da napravi satelit koji je nakon lansiranja dostigao geostacionarnu orbitu korišćenjem samo električne propulzije. Za razliku od čisto hemijskih motora, u ovom slučaju se potisak ostvaruje izbacivanjem goriva velikom brzinom  korišćenjem električne struje. Na taj način, troši se 5-6 puta manje goriva nego kod klasičnih hemijskih motora. 

 

http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Eutelsats_Airbus_built_full_electric_EUTELSAT_172B_satellite_reaches_geostationary_orbit_999.html

[Shan Jan]

Lepe vesti :)

[bigvlada]

Pa, korak po korak. Vremenom će solarne panele zameniti mali prvo fisioni pa onda fuzioni reaktori. Ovi prvi su već više puta leteli ali to je sve tehnologija iz šezdesetih. I dalje niko nije pokušao da napravi mali torijumski fisioni reaktor. 

 

Jedan od najmonstruoznijih programa hladnog rata koji je stigao do stadijuma testiranja reaktora i motora u prirodnoj veličini je projekat SLAM (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic_Low_Altitude_Missile) koji je za cilj imao razvoj krstareće rakete na nuklearni pogon sa atomskom bojevom glavom. Takva raketa je koristila remdžet motor, tj. bila bi lansirana sa rampe drugom raketom i kada bi dostigla određenu brzinu uključio bi se remdžet motor koji radi po principu da usisa vazduh, zagreje ga i istisne pozadi, stvarajući potisak. Teoretski je takva krstareća raketa mogla da ostane nekoliko meseci u vazduhu i da sipa atomske bombe po potrebi uz dodatak da, pošto je reč o nekolopljenom reaktoru, sipa radijaciju kuda god da prođe (i gde na kraju padne). Zaključili su da ipak ne bi bilo pristojno da škrope savezničke zemlje radijacijom pre nego što raketa dospe do SSSR-a. 

 

 

E sad, ako bi mogli da osmisle oklopljeni, dovoljno mali i dovoljno snažan reaktor to bi bilo idealno rešenje za prvi deo putovanja u svemir. Američki projekat Orijent Ekspres iz osamdesetih je to pokušao da reši hemijskom propulzijom i korišćenjem mlaznog, remdžet, skremdžet i raketnog motora. Nisu mogli da mu dovoljno skrešu masu (90% pune letelice je činilo gorivo) kako bi dospeo do orbite. Bilo je par projekata gde su testirani hipersonični motori ali su i oni koristili hemijsko gorivo.

 

Mene najviše privlači koncept fizičara Karla Rubije koji je predložio torijumski reaktor koji bi radio samo onda kada bi (umesto korišćenja uranijuma ili plutonijuma) bio uključen akcelerator čestica. To mi deluje kao najbezbedniji put za avionski/kosmički reaktor jer u slučaju havarije imamo posla samo sa kršem letelice i torijumom, tj. nuklearna reakcija prestaje kada se isključi akcelerator. To bi u teoriji moglo da nam pruži potpuno višekratnu kosmičku letelicu koja bi poletala i sletala na aerodrom/heliodrom. 

[bigvlada]

 

 

 

 

Treba nam više filmova poput The Right Stuff-a. Nije da nema materijala: Armstrongovo tumbanje sa Džeminijem 8, Vaskhod 2 koji je završio u snežnoj šumi pa su kosmonauti dva dana kampovali među vukovima dok su spasioci sekirama probijali put, Sojuz 23 koji je proveo devet sati na dnu jezera dok ih nisu izvukli, osposobljavanje mrtvih stanica Skajlab i Saljut 7.... Nisu ti ljudi za džabe dobijali najviša državna odlikovanja, neki i po dva ili tri puta. 

Edited November 19, 2017 by bigvlada

[bigvlada]

U vreme McDonnell Douglas DC-X letelice Rusi su takođe imali svog takmaca na ssto polju, letelicu Korona iz konstruktorskog biroa Makejev. Dizajnirana je da zahteva minimalno ljudstvo prilikom lansiranja, bila potpuno višekratna i mogla da postavi teret mase do sedam tona u orbitu. Kao i u slučaju američkog takmaca, nedostatak novca (i još više vizije onih koji o novcu odlučuju) je sahranio i ovaj projekat. 

 

 

 

[bigvlada]

“Massively Redundant” Water Walls Spacecraft To Use Water for Everything

 

The Water Walls spacecraft concept, designed by Michael Flynn of NASA’s Ames Research Center, aims to achieve lifesupport aboard crewed spacecraft the way nature does – with water.

The project, formally known as Highly Reliable and Massively Redundant Life Support Architecture, suggests the use of a hexagonal framework of water-filled bags to form the spacecraft’s walls. The water would protect the enclosed crew from space radiation, but that’s not all. The bags would be filled with filters, algae, and bacteria to provide a complete biosystem, breaking down crew waste products, cleaning the water and air, and providing food.

The “massively redundant” part comes in because aside from pumps to transport the water, there would be no mechanical elements to this system, therefore fewer parts to breakdown. As Flynn says, “Nature uses no compressors, evaporators, lithium hydroxide canisters, oxygen candles, or urine processors.”

The spacecraft would consist of five water processing elements: waste water treatment, solid waste treatment, CO2 air scrubbing, food production, and radiation protection. Each element would be housed in separate bags, all of which would compose the spacecraft walls. Spare bags could be carried to replaced depleted elements.

This is not the first time water has been proposed as a radiation barrier to protect spacecrews, (check out Water and Bombs in Space Safety Magazine’s Winter 2012 issue), but this is the first to holistically address that water’s use. NASA has awarded $100,000 to further development of the project under the Innovative Advanced Concepts program.

 

 

http://www.spacesafetymagazine.com/aerospace-engineering/spacecraft-design/massively-redundant-water-walls-spacecraft-water/

 

Nekoliko decenija nakon big dumb booster raketa, imamo i jednostavan koncept orbitalne stanice koja se sastoji od mešina za vodu. 

[bigvlada]

Space agency to pick those with the right stuff
by Staff Writers
Beijing (XNA) Jan 23, 2018

illustration only

China will begin its selection process this year for the next generation of astronauts who will train to work on the country's planned space station, a senior official said.

Yang Liwei, deputy director of the China Manned Space Agency and the first Chinese astronaut in space, said the selection work will begin soon and that Chinese scientists and engineers will be eligible to apply.

"We plan to select suitable candidates from space industry companies, research entities and universities and train them into engineers and payload specialists capable of working on the space station," he said during an open day at Beijing's Astronaut Center of China.

"Those who want to apply for an engineer's post will need a master's degree, while candidates for payload specialists will need a doctoral degree," he said.

"They will also have at least three years of work experience."

Yang did not discuss other criteria for the new generation of astronauts, such as their physical and psychological conditions.

China is developing and building parts of a manned space station and plans to start assembling it in space starting in 2020. The station is scheduled to become fully operational around 2022, according to Yang's agency.

As the nation's largest asset in the universe, the station will have three parts - the core module attached to two space labs, each weighing about 20 metric tons - and will be in service for at least 10 years, the agency has said.

China began to select its first generation of astronauts in 1995 and picked 14 from more than 1,500 experienced PLA Air Force aviators. In 2009, selection for the second-generation of astronauts, also from Air Force pilots, was launched. Seven passed all tests and were recruited.

In selecting the first two groups, candidates had to be age 25 to 35, have a height ranging from 160 to 172 centimeters, a weight between 55 and 70 kilograms, and have at least 600 hours of aircraft flight.

Five astronauts in the first generation retired in March 2014 because they were no longer suitable for spaceflight, so there now are 16 astronauts in active service.

In addition to its own spacemen and women, China also is willing to help other nations select and train astronauts and will gladly cooperate with them in its space station program, Yang said.

In an earlier interview, he said more than 10 countries, mostly among developing nations, have asked for China's assistance in selecting and training astronauts. They hope to prepare astronauts for prospective joint missions to China's planned space station, he said.

Yang said China welcomes other parties to join the space station program for mutual benefit and the peaceful use of outer space.

 

http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Space_agency_to_pick_those_with_the_right_stuff_999.html

 

 Kineski Interkosmos.