Coronavirus Covid-19 - opšta tema

[Sammael]

Razmišljam nešto, možda lupam gluposti pa molim edukovanije forumaše da mi to kažu ako je slučaj.

 

Ako sam preležao kovid-19 i nakon toga sam izložen ponovo istom virusu, moje telo proizvodi imuni odgovor koji sprečava da ponovo obolim iako imam određenu količinu virusa u sebi. Ovaj imuni odgovor verovatno uključuje i proizvodnju dodatnih antitela. Da li je to možda razlog zašto neki ljudi imaju više antitela x meseci nakon što su preležali, a neki manje.

 

Pošto znamo da antitela opadaju i da je rezaražavanje moguće, da li je poželjno izlagati se virusu u nekom obliku da bi se održao određeni nivo antitela u organizmu? Tj. da li se treba izolovati i čuvati, kao ljudi koji nisu uopšte preležali, ili se ponašati normalno (izlasci, kolektiv, prevoz)?

 

Takođe, da li osoba koja je izložena novoj količini virusa a već je preležala i ima antitela može da bude prenosilac ili ne?

[duda]

nisam ni ja stručnjak, ali se sećam neke šeklerove priče na tu temu

 

tj. da bi bilo idealno kada bi se ljudi izlagali maloj količini virusa povremeno, tako bi se dizao nivo antitela

 

e sad, kako to izvesti, mislim, kako meriti kojoj količini se izlažemo 

[Jozef K.]

4 hours ago, Sammael said:

Razmišljam nešto, možda lupam gluposti pa molim edukovanije forumaše da mi to kažu ako je slučaj.

 

Ako sam preležao kovid-19 i nakon toga sam izložen ponovo istom virusu, moje telo proizvodi imuni odgovor koji sprečava da ponovo obolim iako imam određenu količinu virusa u sebi. Ovaj imuni odgovor verovatno uključuje i proizvodnju dodatnih antitela. Da li je to možda razlog zašto neki ljudi imaju više antitela x meseci nakon što su preležali, a neki manje.

 

Pošto znamo da antitela opadaju i da je rezaražavanje moguće, da li je poželjno izlagati se virusu u nekom obliku da bi se održao određeni nivo antitela u organizmu? Tj. da li se treba izolovati i čuvati, kao ljudi koji nisu uopšte preležali, ili se ponašati normalno (izlasci, kolektiv, prevoz)?

 

Takođe, da li osoba koja je izložena novoj količini virusa a već je preležala i ima antitela može da bude prenosilac ili ne?

Neka istraživanja kažu da broj antitela raste pet meseci. Druga kažu da je na grupi koju su pratili nije primećen ozbiljniji pad antitela posle pet meseci. Moj zaključak je da nema razloga da se čuvam makar godinu dana. Posle toga ću videti da li ću promeniti ponašanje, ali lično ne verujem. Ako sam jednom pregurao uspešno, ne vidim razlog da će drugi put biti gore. Doduše do tada će se znati više i o vakcinama, pa se rešim i da se pelcovanjem obnovim sa antitelima.

[Amos]

1 hour ago, Jozef K. said:

Ako sam jednom pregurao uspešno, ne vidim razlog da će drugi put biti gore. 

 

Famous last words 

[vememah]

Quote

China builds hospital in 5 days after surge in virus cases

BY JOE MCDONALD - ASSOCIATED PRESS, JANUARY 16, 2021 05:45 AM

China on Saturday finished building a 1,500-room hospital for COVID-19 patients to fight a surge in infections the government said are harder to contain and that it blamed on infected people or goods from abroad.

The hospital is one of six with a total of 6,500 rooms being built in Nangong, south of Beijing in Hebei province, the official Xinhua News Agency said.

China had largely contained the coronavirus that first was detected in the central city of Wuhan in late 2019 but has suffered a surge of cases since December.

A total of 645 people are being treated in Nangong and the Hebei provincial capital, Shijiazhuang, Xinhua said. A 3,000-room hospital is under construction in Shijiazhuang.

Virus clusters also have been found in Beijing and the provinces of Heilongjiang and Liaoning in the northeast and Sichuan in the southwest.

The latest infections spread unusually fast, the National Health Commission said.

“It is harder to handle,” a Commission statement said. “Community transmission already has happened when the epidemic is found, so it is difficult to prevent.”

The Commission blamed the latest cases on people or goods arriving from abroad. It blamed “abnormal management” and “inadequate protection of workers” involved in imports but gave no details.

“They are all imported from abroad. It was caused by entry personnel or contaminated cold chain imported goods,” said the statement.

The Chinese government has suggested the disease might have originated abroad and publicized what it says is the discovery of the virus on imported food, mostly frozen fish, though foreign scientists are skeptical.

Also Saturday, the city government of Beijing said travelers arriving in the Chinese capital from abroad would be required to undergo an additional week of “medical monitoring” after a 14-day quarantine but gave no details.

Nationwide, the Health Commission reported 130 new confirmed cases in the 24 hours through midnight Friday. It said 90 of those were in Hebei.

On Saturday, the Hebei government reported 32 additional cases since midnight, the Shanghai news outlet The Paper reported.

In Shijiazhuang, authorities have finished construction of 1,000 rooms of the planned hospital, state TV said Saturday. Xinhua said all the facilities are due to be completed within a week.

A similar program of rapid hospital construction was launched by the ruling Communist Party at the start of the outbreak last year in Wuhan.

More than 10 million people in Shijiazhuang underwent virus tests by late Friday, Xinhua said, citing a deputy mayor, Meng Xianghong. It said 247 locally transmitted cases were found.

Meanwhile, researchers sent by the World Health Organization were in Wuhan preparing to investigate the origins of the virus. The team, which arrived Thursday, was under a two-week quarantine but was due to talk with Chinese experts by video link.

The team's arrival was held up for months by diplomatic wrangling that prompted a rare public complaint by the head of the WHO.

That delay, and the secretive ruling party’s orders to scientists not to talk publicly about the disease, have raised questions about whether Beijing might try to block discoveries that would hurt its self-proclaimed status as a leader in the anti-virus battle.

https://www.miamiherald.com/news/article248553410.html

Edited January 16, 2021 by vememah

[vememah]

Quote

A highly infectious mutation of the novel coronavirus first recorded in the United Kingdom last month has spread to dozens of countries, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

Since being reported to the WHO on December 14, the UK-identified variant VOC 202012/01 has been found in 50 countries, territories and areas, the United Nations body said in its weekly report on the pandemic, published on Tuesday.

Test results showed the age and sex distribution of the UK-identified variant were similar to that of other circulating variants.

Meanwhile, a similar South African-identified strain, 501Y.V2, has been found in 20 countries, territories and areas after first being reported to the WHO on December 18, according to the WHO.

“From preliminary and ongoing investigations in South Africa, it is possible that the 501Y.V2 variant is more transmissible than variants circulating in South Africa previously,” the agency’s weekly report said.

“Moreover, while this new variant does not appear to cause more severe illness, the observed rapid increases in case numbers has placed health systems under pressure.”

The geographical spread of both variants is likely underestimated, said the WHO.

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/13/who-uk-virus-variant-now-in-scores-of-countries-territories

 

Raširenost engleske varijante:

 

Raširenost južnoafričke varijante:

https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/weekly_epidemiological_update_22.pdf?sfvrsn=c4c37bb9_7&download=true

Edited January 16, 2021 by vememah

[vememah]

Quote

New coronavirus variants could cause more reinfections, require updated vaccines

By Kai Kupferschmidt, Jan. 15, 2021 , 4:55 PM

When the number of COVID-19 cases began to rise again in Manaus, Brazil, in December 2020, Nuno Faria was stunned. The virologist at Imperial College London and associate professor at the University of Oxford had just co-authored a paper in Science estimating that three-quarters of the city’s inhabitants had already been infected with SARS-CoV-2, the pandemic coronavirus—more than enough, it seemed, for herd immunity to develop. The virus should be done with Manaus. Yet hospitals were filling up again. “It was hard to reconcile these two things,” Faria says. He started to hunt for samples he could sequence to find out whether changes in the virus could explain the resurgence.

On 12 January, Faria and his colleagues posted their initial conclusions on the website virological.org. Thirteen of 31 samples collected in mid-December in Manaus turned out to be part of a new viral lineage they called P.1. Much more research is needed, but they say one possibility is that in some people, P.1 eludes the human immune response triggered by the lineage that ravaged the city earlier in 2020.

Emerging variants of the coronavirus have been in the news ever since scientists raised the alarm over B.1.1.7, a SARS-CoV-2 variant that first caught scientists’ attention in England in December and that is more transmissible than previously circulating viruses. But now, they’re also focusing on a potential new threat: variants that could do an end run around the human immune response. Such “immune escapes” could mean more people who have had COVID-19 remain susceptible to reinfection, and that proven vaccines may, at some point, need an update.

At a World Health Organization (WHO) meeting on 12 January, hundreds of researchers discussed the most important scientific questions raised by the wave of new mutations. WHO also convened its COVID-19 Emergency Committee on 14 January to discuss the impact of the new variants and the travel restrictions that many countries are imposing to contain them. The committee called for a global effort to sequence and share more SARS-CoV-2 genomes to help track mutations. It also asked countries to support “global research efforts to better understand critical unknowns about SARS-CoV-2 specific mutations and variants.”

The more transmissible variant, B.1.1.7, is already spreading rapidly in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Denmark, and probably in many other countries. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a modeling study on Friday showing the strain could become the predominant variant in the United States in March. But scientists are just as worried about 501Y.V2, a variant detected in South Africa. Some of the mutations it carries, including ones named E484K and K417N, change its surface protein, spike, and have been shown in the lab to reduce how well monoclonal antibodies combat the virus. In a preprint published earlier this month, Jesse Bloom, an evolutionary biologist at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, showed that E484K also reduced the potency of convalescent sera from some donors 10-fold—although he is quick to add this does not necessarily mean the mutation would cause people’s immunity to the new strain to drop 10-fold.

P.1 adds to the concerns because it appears to have hit on a similar constellation of mutations and has emerged in a place with a high level of immunity. “Anytime you see the same mutations arising and starting to spread multiple times, in different viral strains across the world, that’s really strong evidence that there’s some evolutionary advantage to those mutations,” Bloom says.

Like B.1.1.7, the variant identified in Manaus is already on the move. Just as Faria was finishing his analysis of the Brazilian genomes, a report was published of a variant detected in travelers arriving in Japan from Brazil—and it turned out to be P.1.

Bad friends

How these new variants are affecting the course of the pandemic is still unclear. In Manaus, for example, P.1 might have nothing to do with the new surge in infections; people’s immunity might simply be waning, says Oxford epidemiologist Oliver Pybus. In a press conference today, WHO’s Mike Ryan cautioned that changes in human behavior are still the major driving force for the resurgence. “It’s too easy to just lay the blame on the variants and say it’s the virus that did it,” he said. “Unfortunately, it’s also what we didn’t do that did it.”

Even if the variant plays a crucial role it might be driving the boost because it is transmitted more easily, like B.1.1.7, not because it can evade the immune response. “Of course it could be a combination of these factors, too,” Pybus says. Similarly, in a recent modeling study, researchers at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine calculated that South Africa’s 501Y.V2 variant could be 50% more transmissible but no better at evading immunity, or just as transmissible as previous variants but able to evade immunity in one in five people previously infected. “Reality may lie between these extremes,” the authors wrote.

Ester Sabino, a molecular biologist at the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, is launching a study to find reinfections in Manaus that could help decide between these hypotheses for P.1. She is also working to sequence more samples from Manaus from January to follow the variant’s spread. “We don’t have the data yet, but my guess is, it will be at 100% now,” she says. Lab studies investigating the variants are also underway. The United Kingdom today launched a new consortium, G2P-UK (for “genotype to phenotype-UK”), headed by Wendy Barclay of Imperial College London, to study the effects of emerging mutations in SARS-CoV-2. One idea discussed at the 12 January WHO meeting is to set up a biobank that would aid studies by housing virus samples, as well as plasma from vaccine recipients and recovered patients.

Interactions between the new mutations may make it harder to tease out their effects. The variants from the United Kingdom, South Africa, and Manaus all share a mutation named N501Y, for instance, or Nelly, as some researchers call it. But the mutation, which affects the spike protein, also occurs in some variants that do not spread faster, suggesting N501Y does not operate alone, says Kristian Andersen of Scripps Research: “Nelly might be innocent, except maybe when she’s hanging with her bad friends.”

Bloom thinks none of the changes is likely to let the virus escape the immune response entirely. “But I would expect that those viruses have some advantage when a lot of the population has immunity”—which might help explain the surge in Manaus.

Vaccine updates

So far, the virus does not appear to have become resistant to COVID-19 vaccines, says vaccinologist Philip Krause, who chairs a WHO working group on COVID-19 vaccines. “The not-so-good news is that the rapid evolution of these variants suggests that if it is possible for the virus to evolve into a vaccine-resistant phenotype, this may happen sooner than we like,” he adds. That possibility adds to the urgency of putting good surveillance in place to detect such escape variants early on, says biostatistician Natalie Dean of the University of Florida. But it also adds to the urgency of vaccinating people, says Christian Drosten, a virologist at Charité University Hospital in Berlin. “We have to do everything we can now to vaccinate as many people as fast as possible, even if that means running the risk of selecting for some variants,” he says.

If vaccine-resistant SARS-CoV-2 strains emerge, vaccines might need to be updated. Several vaccines could be easily changed to reflect the latest changes, but regulators might balk at authorizing them without seeing updated safety and efficacy data, Krause says. If new variants circulate alongside older strains, multivalent vaccines, effective against several lineages, might even be needed. “To be clear: These are downstream considerations,” Krause says. “The public should not think that this is imminent, and that new vaccines will be needed.” But Ravindra Gupta, a researcher at the University of Cambridge, says manufacturers should start to produce vaccines designed to generate immunity to mutated versions of the spike protein, because they keep cropping up. “It tells us that we should have these mutations in our vaccines, so that you shut off one of the avenues for the virus to go down.”

For now, increased transmissibility is the biggest worry, says virologist Angela Rasmussen of Georgetown University. “I’m puzzled why [that] isn’t a bigger part of the conversation,” she says. The U.S. hospital system, she says, “is at capacity in many places and further increases in transmission can tip us over the edge where the system collapses. Then we’ll start seeing potentially huge increases in mortality.”

 

https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/01/new-coronavirus-variants-could-cause-more-reinfections-require-updated-vaccines

Edited January 16, 2021 by vememah

[vememah]

[Jozef K.]

Danas demonstracije u Holandiji protivu zaključavanja. Bije policija kao da ih je Vučić poslao. 

[Tsai]

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.15.21249885v1.full

[Kelt]

sad dodjoh da postavim to isto

[Kelt]

inače, evo ga rad gde se opisuje upotreba mRNK kao terapeutskog sredstva - datum 2014. Nije ovo baš tako navrat-nanos kako Nestorović i ekipa žele da predstave, naprotiv.

 

kada se skine rad, lepo se vidi timeline kada je šta otkriveno, kada je šta primenjeno, koliko traje mRNK kao nativna, koliko kao modifikovana...

 

svet još nije svestan koliko je ovo značajno otkriće, za bukvalno sve sfere medicine a i tehnologije

Edited January 18, 2021 by Kelt

[gospa buba]

ja vam rekoh da je stajalo u fijoci u da postoji chitav niz genetskih bolesti i stanja koje ovo chekaju. i ne bi dochekali niikad da nije bilo ovog svetskog ispada.

sent from bubamoto

[Kelt]

bukvalno je tako. Svaka kriza je i neka nova šansa, doduše je dosta bolje kad imaš resurse i know-how 

 

Imamo otkriće ne za jednu nego dve Nobelove nagrade, a srbi će da nastave sa svojim "ne znam ja, ko zna šta je to". Da smo uložili u nekog molekularnog biologa koliko u fontanu na Slaviji i mi bismo bili u tom timu, ovako ćemo da posmatramo film iz poslednjeg reda.

Edited January 18, 2021 by Kelt

[borris_]

Ja sam u kinu uvjek volio da sjedim u zadnjim redovima, pogled je bolji.

 

Vazno je da je film dobar i da je svima dostupan. Kao sto si rekao ovaj nov nacin lijecenja je revolucija u medicini (koja je vec bila tu iza coska a kovid je je ubrzao).

 

I da, fontana na Slaviji je pravi neukusni kic (kao one svjetlucajuce gondole sto se prodaju turistima u veneciji).