Superkapitalizam

[Indy]

I manjak i pogresna vrsta regulacije - oba. Recimo, moglo bi se regulisati (a ne samo "preporuciti", kako navodi gornji Guardianov link) da ne moze da bude citavih 80% zaposlenih u statusu "0-hour contract". U tom slucaju je problem nedostatak takve regulacije (bez da sad dublje ulazim u istrazivanje oko tog konkretnog slucaja, zasta nemam vremena).

[Dagmar]

O strajku u Mekuhttp://money.cnn.com/2013/04/04/news/companies/fast-food-new-york-strike/index.htmli komentari ispod su super, pocevsi od toga da su poslovi u fast food restoranima entry-level poslovi, i da entry-level posao ni ne treba da obezbedi dovoljno za zivot, uz malo elaboracije na temu da i ne postoji takva stvar kao "dovoljno novca za zivot" jer sto je dovoljno komentatoru neko bi mogao smatrati za nedovoljno jer je razmazen i hoce elektroniku. Posao u Meku inace donosi manje novca nego sto je potrebno da bi se bilo iznad poverty treshold-a u USA.

[Indy]

entry-level posao ni ne treba da obezbedi dovoljno za zivot

Da, nepodnosljiva lakoca okrutnosti...

[Shan Jan]

Upravo obratno.Problem je drzava i socijalizacija gubitaka kao sto je naveo Hazard a sve preko pravila koje direktno pisu razne korporacije.U SAD recimo drzava pomaze sve veci deo populacije koja radi.Na taj nacin se subvencionisu pre svega Volmart i slicna zgadija.Drugi problem je sto oni ne placaju isti nivo poreza kao i drugi na sve prihode, itd.Razlicita pravila za razlicite ljude uvek stvaraju navece socijalne razlike.

Sinko, ovaj, silno gresis. Uzim ovo vreme krize, nema posla za sve a sve je manja i kupovna moc. Sta se desava u neregulisanom trzistu? Proizvodjaci (npr. fast-food lanac) spustaju cene ne bi li zadrzali prodaju. Jedini nacin da to urade a da ne prodaju smece je smanjenje plata. Sami radnici posto ih ima gomila koji nemaju nikakav poso, dakle nikakve prihode, moraju da pristaju na to. I tako malo po malo imas da plate postaju sve manje. I tako zavrsis u drustvu koje pravi jahte za bogate i kacamak za robove. I to je ekonomija i to odrziva... sve dok revolucija ne dodje. Nije neko resenje. Zato ti treba drzavna regulacija, da postavi neke minimalne standarde ljudskog zivota. I to je odrziva ekonomija. Samo sto je mnogo manje verovatno da ce dovesti do revolucija a uz to ima i nebitnu karakteristiku da je mnogo humanija.

Da, nepodnosljiva lakoca okrutnosti...

Napalm.

[Peter Fan]

Tacno je da je to sad novi oblik coporate welfare (umjesto direktnih subvencija), ali McD je tu samo simptom strukturalnih promjena u americkoj, odnosno svjetskoj ekonomiji. Uslijed globalizacije i tehnoloskog napretka koji su omogucili brz wage arbitrage, poslovi koji su tradicionalno bili namjenjeni klincima i studentima, sada postaju jedina opcija za tzv. low-skill labor force. Tu ce povecanja plata malo sta da rijesi i imati ce za posljedicu ubrzanu automatizaciju onogo sto u tim restoranima vec nije automatizirano. Doduse, onih par "sretnika" koji nakon toga preteknu ce imati malo bolju platu, ali ce ih biti manje. Onaj ostatak ce na (skoro presahlu) drzavnu sisu. Vec sada ima vise smila biti na welfare programima nego raditi za minimalac. Naravno, dok drzava ne bankrotira, a onda Master Reset, pa kako kome.

[Indy]

Ako se bolje (da ne kazem, pravednije) oporezuju dobitnici globalizacije/tehnoloskog napretka (mislim i na USA, a i globalno), mozda nece biti toliko tesko dopuniti najniza primanja do nekog nivoa koji pokriva osnovne potrebe. Cak bi mozda bio moguc Basic Income, kako neki predlazu. Medjutim, toliko su postali vesti u zaobilazenju placanja poreza, mislim ovi gore na vrhu (1%, 5%, 10%... ne znam tacno), sto naravno nije slucajno. Oni drze poluge sistema, pa naravno da sistem radi njima u prilog. Sad vidim negde pise Oxfam da je 12 triliona dolara u poreskim sklonistima, tj. tax haven-ima. (Tax havens su, naravno, samo 1 kockica u mozaiku nacina da se minimizira porez).Bice master reset, nogekako. Samo je pitanje da li ce biti Ctrl-Alt-Del restart sistema, ili ce morati kabl da se iscupa iz zida, pa kom opanci, kom obojci (ono sto tvorac termina superkapitalizam, Robert Reich zove "snap back" vs. "snap break").

[Anduril]

Sinko, ovaj, silno gresis.

To se tako obracaj nekom drugom ako zelis normalno da razgovaras.

Uzim ovo vreme krize, nema posla za sve a sve je manja i kupovna moc

Nije ovo vreme krize palo sa neba nego je kriza izazvana kroz (finansijski) korporativizam.Nedostatak posla, posebno u proizvodnji na zapadu je direktna posledica regulacije koja daje ogromnu prednost korporacijama u odnosu na mala i srednja preduzeca.- Dok su korporacije recimo izmestile proizvodnju u regione sa ocajnim zdravstvenin, sigurnostnim i ekoloskim standardima i tako ubiru prilicno lako ogromne profite jer i dalje imaju pristup maticnim trzistima, mala preduzeca taj luksuz nemaju i ako zele da proizvode moraju to da rade po sasvim drugim standardima.To nije fer konkurencija i masovno unistava radna mesta omogucavajuci istovremeno race to the bottom.- Drugi veliki problem su patenti i nacinna koji se regulisu kojima se unistava konkurencija a time i radna mesta.- Treci problem je skupa regulativa i sudski procesi pa tako mali nemaju sanse protiv velikih ukoliko dodje do spora, itd.- Cesto velike korporacije ne placaju isti nivo poreza kao mala preduzeca - velike firme poput Amazona ili Starbucks-a ne placaju nista u pojedinim drzavama pa mozes da zamislis sta to znaci za nezavisne onlajn ili kofi sopove.- Na kraju profit od takvog korporativizma ubire uglavnom onih 1% na vrhu koji taj novac opet ne re-investiraju kuci kao sto bi to recimo ucinio vlasnik malog preduzeca nego investiraju u druge korporacije, u finansijske vampire poput GS ili u novu jahtu/vilu/ostrvo ko zna gde. Self-perpetuating cycle koji opet unistava mala i srednja preduzeca kojima nedostaju investicije plus sto u vreme jefitinog novca imaju cak problema da dobiju kredite od korporativnih banaka. Sto bi JPM ulagao u mala preduzeca kad moze slobodno da pravi profite unistavanjem trzista sirovina spekulacijama od cega opet najvise strada - zna se ko.- Korporacije jesu potrebne ali kao integrisani elementi u lokalnu privredu koji daju pristup globalnom trzistu a ne kao odmetnuti vampire squid.

Sta se desava u neregulisanom trzistu? Proizvodjaci (npr. fast-food lanac) spustaju cene ne bi li zadrzali prodaju. Jedini nacin da to urade a da ne prodaju smece je smanjenje plata. Sami radnici posto ih ima gomila koji nemaju nikakav poso, dakle nikakve prihode, moraju da pristaju na to. I tako malo po malo imas da plate postaju sve manje. I tako zavrsis u drustvu koje pravi jahte za bogate i kacamak za robove. I to je ekonomija i to odrziva... sve dok revolucija ne dodje. Nije neko resenje. Zato ti treba drzavna regulacija, da postavi neke minimalne standarde ljudskog zivota. I to je odrziva ekonomija. Samo sto je mnogo manje verovatno da ce dovesti do revolucija a uz to ima i nebitnu karakteristiku da je mnogo humanija.

Ovo su samo posledice i simptomi ali ne i uzrok problema koji ne lezi u nedostatku regulacije vec u korporativistickoj regulaciji.Recimo, minimalne plate u zemljama bez bottom ogranicenja mogu biti cesto mnogo vece nego tamo gde postoji propisana minimalna plata/standard zivota.Sa druge strane, minimalne plate mogu biti upravo veliki problem za mala preduceca koja pokusavaju da opstanu protiv velikih i pored toga sto placaju vise poreza, podlezu strozijoj regulativi, itd. Za korporacije je takva regulacija odlicna jer najskuplje poslove mogu da izmeste a istovremeno im to unistava konkurenciju kuci.Tejk houm mesedz je da je i korporativizam vrsta socijalizma, tj, socijalizam za bogate/korporacije pa ti pojedini socijalisticki recepti zapravo njima i odgovaraju. Edited July 31, 2013 by Anduril

[brusli]

Nedostatak posla, posebno u proizvodnji na zapadu je direktna posledica regulacije koja daje ogromnu prednost korporacijama u odnosu na mala i srednja preduzeca.

Koja to regulacija daje prednost velikim korporacijama u odnosu na male firme, a koju ne bi imale pri potpuno liberalizovanom trzistu ?I sto je problem sa stanovista liberalne ekonomije sto su korporacije izmestile radnu snagu u jeftinije zemlje ?

[Anduril]

Koja to regulacija daje prednost velikim korporacijama u odnosu na male firme, a koju ne bi imale pri potpuno liberalizovanom trzistu ?

Liberalizovano trziste ne znaci da svako radi sta hoce.To znaci da postoji vladavina pravila koja vaze za sve a da se drzava minimalno mesa u to trziste kroz subvencije ili special interest zakone/regulaciju ali se zato itekako mesa ukoliko neko zaobilazi pravila.Primeri za posebne zakone/regulaciju su razlicite poreske stope za razlicite firme i pojedince, razliciti zakoni za finansijske prevare korporacija u odnosu na pojedince (zato niko nije zaglavio zatvor od LIBOR-a pa do pranja novca), monopol banaka na pristup jeftinom novcu centralne banke, striktna regulacija u okviru pojedinih industrija poput farmaceutske cime se manje firme automatski izbacuju sa trzista, patentno pravo i njegova primena (primer samo nekoliko firmi drzi hiljade patenanta na mobilni telefon cime drugi proizvodjaci nemaju vise pristup tom trzistu), itd., itd.

I sto je problem sa stanovista liberalne ekonomije sto su korporacije izmestile radnu snagu u jeftinije zemlje ?

Problem je sto proizvode po standardima koji su daleko ispod zemalja u kojima onda prodaju dok manje firme moraju i da proizvode i da prodaju po tim standardima.Sa stanovista liberalizma gde ista pravila vaze za sve je to problematicno dok je sa stanovista neoliberalizma i korporativizma to sasvim OK jer njima daje slobodu koja je uskracena drugima.Nije nikakav problem izmestati proizvodnju ali samo po standardima koji vaze gde se roba i prodaje posto inace ti standardi sluze samo unistavanju domace konkurencije. Edited August 1, 2013 by Anduril

[Zaz_pi]

A, sa stanovista cene rada i cene sirovina/energije kako stojis? Ili ces i to uredbom da ujednacis na globalnom nivou?

[Anduril]

A, sa stanovista cene rada i cene sirovina/energije kako stojis? Ili ces i to uredbom da ujednacis na globalnom nivou?

Da si citao Hayeka kako tvrdis ne bi glupo pitao.

[Zaz_pi]

Pa, reci ovde sta je rekao?

[Prospero]

nisam našao pogodniju temu, mislio sam na endarkenment ali neka ovde:

The Great Divide August 24, 2013, 2:35 pm 331 Comments How Technology Wrecks the Middle Class By DAVID H. AUTOR AND DAVID DORNBill Pugliano/Getty Images Robot arms welded a vehicle on the assembly line at a General Motors plant in Lansing, Mich., in 2010.In the four years since the Great Recession officially ended, the productivity of American workers — those lucky enough to have jobs — has risen smartly. But the United States still has two million fewer jobs than before the downturn, the unemployment rate is stuck at levels not seen since the early 1990s and the proportion of adults who are working is four percentage points off its peak in 2000.This job drought has spurred pundits to wonder whether a profound employment sickness has overtaken us. And from there, it’s only a short leap to ask whether that illness isn’t productivity itself. Have we mechanized and computerized ourselves into obsolescence?Are we in danger of losing the “race against the machine,” as the M.I.T. scholars Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in a recent book? Are we becoming enslaved to our “robot overlords,” as the journalist Kevin Drum warned in Mother Jones? Do “smart machines” threaten us with “long-term misery,” as the economists Jeffrey D. Sachs and Laurence J. Kotlikoff prophesied earlier this year? Have we reached “the end of labor,” as Noah Smith laments in The Atlantic?Of course, anxiety, and even hysteria, about the adverse effects of technological change on employment have a venerable history. In the early 19th century a group of English textile artisans calling themselves the Luddites staged a machine-trashing rebellion. Their brashness earned them a place (rarely positive) in the lexicon, but they had legitimate reasons for concern.Economists have historically rejected what we call the “lump of labor” fallacy: the supposition that an increase in labor productivity inevitably reduces employment because there is only a finite amount of work to do. While intuitively appealing, this idea is demonstrably false. In 1900, for example, 41 percent of the United States work force was in agriculture. By 2000, that share had fallen to 2 percent, after the Green Revolution transformed crop yields. But the employment-to-population ratio rose over the 20th century as women moved from home to market, and the unemployment rate fluctuated cyclically, with no long-term increase.Labor-saving technological change necessarily displaces workers performing certain tasks — that’s where the gains in productivity come from — but over the long run, it generates new products and services that raise national income and increase the overall demand for labor. In 1900, no one could foresee that a century later, health care, finance, information technology, consumer electronics, hospitality, leisure and entertainment would employ far more workers than agriculture. Of course, as societies grow more prosperous, citizens often choose to work shorter days, take longer vacations and retire earlier — but that too is progress.So if technological advances don’t threaten employment, does that mean workers have nothing to fear from “smart machines”? Actually, no — and here’s where the Luddites had a point. Although many 19th-century Britons benefited from the introduction of newer and better automated looms — unskilled laborers were hired as loom operators, and a growing middle class could now afford mass-produced fabrics — it’s unlikely that skilled textile workers benefited on the whole.Fast-forward to the present. The multi-trillionfold decline in the cost of computing since the 1970s has created enormous incentives for employers to substitute increasingly cheap and capable computers for expensive labor. These rapid advances — which confront us daily as we check in at airports, order books online, pay bills on our banks’ Web sites or consult our smartphones for driving directions — have reawakened fears that workers will be displaced by machinery. Will this time be different?A starting point for discussion is the observation that although computers are ubiquitous, they cannot do everything. A computer’s ability to accomplish a task quickly and cheaply depends upon a human programmer’s ability to write procedures or rules that direct the machine to take the correct steps at each contingency. Computers excel at “routine” tasks: organizing, storing, retrieving and manipulating information, or executing exactly defined physical movements in production processes. These tasks are most pervasive in middle-skill jobs like bookkeeping, clerical work and repetitive production and quality-assurance jobs.Logically, computerization has reduced the demand for these jobs, but it has boosted demand for workers who perform “nonroutine” tasks that complement the automated activities. Those tasks happen to lie on opposite ends of the occupational skill distribution.At one end are so-called abstract tasks that require problem-solving, intuition, persuasion and creativity. These tasks are characteristic of professional, managerial, technical and creative occupations, like law, medicine, science, engineering, advertising and design. People in these jobs typically have high levels of education and analytical capability, and they benefit from computers that facilitate the transmission, organization and processing of information.On the other end are so-called manual tasks, which require situational adaptability, visual and language recognition, and in-person interaction. Preparing a meal, driving a truck through city traffic or cleaning a hotel room present mind-bogglingly complex challenges for computers. But they are straightforward for humans, requiring primarily innate abilities like dexterity, sightedness and language recognition, as well as modest training. These workers can’t be replaced by robots, but their skills are not scarce, so they usually make low wages.Computerization has therefore fostered a polarization of employment, with job growth concentrated in both the highest- and lowest-paid occupations, while jobs in the middle have declined. Surprisingly, overall employment rates have largely been unaffected in states and cities undergoing this rapid polarization. Rather, as employment in routine jobs has ebbed, employment has risen both in high-wage managerial, professional and technical occupations and in low-wage, in-person service occupations.So computerization is not reducing the quantity of jobs, but rather degrading the quality of jobs for a significant subset of workers. Demand for highly educated workers who excel in abstract tasks is robust, but the middle of the labor market, where the routine task-intensive jobs lie, is sagging. Workers without college education therefore concentrate in manual task-intensive jobs — like food services, cleaning and security — which are numerous but offer low wages, precarious job security and few prospects for upward mobility. This bifurcation of job opportunities has contributed to the historic rise in income inequality.HOW can we help workers ride the wave of technological change rather than be swamped by it? One common recommendation is that citizens should invest more in their education. Spurred by growing demand for workers performing abstract job tasks, the payoff for college and professional degrees has soared; despite its formidable price tag, higher education has perhaps never been a better investment. But it is far from a comprehensive solution to our labor market problems. Not all high school graduates — let alone displaced mid- and late-career workers — are academically or temperamentally prepared to pursue a four-year college degree. Only 40 percent of Americans enroll in a four-year college after graduating from high school, and more than 30 percent of those who enroll do not complete the degree within eight years.The good news, however, is that middle-education, middle-wage jobs are not slated to disappear completely. While many middle-skill jobs are susceptible to automation, others demand a mixture of tasks that take advantage of human flexibility. To take one prominent example, medical paraprofessional jobs — radiology technician, phlebotomist, nurse technician — are a rapidly growing category of relatively well-paid, middle-skill occupations. While these paraprofessions do not typically require a four-year college degree, they do demand some postsecondary vocational training.These middle-skill jobs will persist, and potentially grow, because they involve tasks that cannot readily be unbundled without a substantial drop in quality. Consider, for example, the frustration of calling a software firm for technical support, only to discover that the technician knows nothing more than the standard answers shown on his or her computer screen — that is, the technician is a mouthpiece reading from a script, not a problem-solver. This is not generally a productive form of work organization because it fails to harness the complementarities between technical and interpersonal skills. Simply put, the quality of a service within any occupation will improve when a worker combines routine (technical) and nonroutine (flexible) tasks.Following this logic, we predict that the middle-skill jobs that survive will combine routine technical tasks with abstract and manual tasks in which workers have a comparative advantage — interpersonal interaction, adaptability and problem-solving. Along with medical paraprofessionals, this category includes numerous jobs for people in the skilled trades and repair: plumbers; builders; electricians; heating, ventilation and air-conditioning installers; automotive technicians; customer-service representatives; and even clerical workers who are required to do more than type and file. Indeed, even as formerly middle-skill occupations are being “deskilled,” or stripped of their routine technical tasks (brokering stocks, for example), other formerly high-end occupations are becoming accessible to workers with less esoteric technical mastery (for example, the work of the nurse practitioner, who increasingly diagnoses illness and prescribes drugs in lieu of a physician). Lawrence F. Katz, a labor economist at Harvard, memorably called those who fruitfully combine the foundational skills of a high school education with specific vocational skills the “new artisans.”The outlook for workers who haven’t finished college is uncertain, but not devoid of hope. There will be job opportunities in middle-skill jobs, but not in the traditional blue-collar production and white-collar office jobs of the past. Rather, we expect to see growing employment among the ranks of the “new artisans”: licensed practical nurses and medical assistants; teachers, tutors and learning guides at all educational levels; kitchen designers, construction supervisors and skilled tradespeople of every variety; expert repair and support technicians; and the many people who offer personal training and assistance, like physical therapists, personal trainers, coaches and guides. These workers will adeptly combine technical skills with interpersonal interaction, flexibility and adaptability to offer services that are uniquely human.David H. Autor is a professor of economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. David Dorn is an assistant professor of economics at the Center for Monetary and Financial Studies in Madrid.

[bergasa19]

cini mi se da ima veze sa topikom, doduse kao posledica.

[Indy]

Ima veze. To je deo onoga sto 1 Ozi (Paul Gilding) zove the "Great Disruption". U najkracem, korporacije otrgnute kontroli (kroz ideologiju shatro-slobodnog trzista) dovesce do ove "velike smetnje" (egzemplifikovane najbolje u kilmatskim promenama, mada svakako i odredjeno nazadovanje u zdravstvu ili energetici, i drugim oblastima, takodje moze biti dramaticno). Mislim da Gilding vidi da ce to voditi daleko vecoj drzavnoj kontroli nad industrijom i ekonomijom, i tako je i srocio upozorenje ljubiteljima slobodnog trzista - otprilike, ako vam je zaista stalo do slobodnog trzista, morate podrzati odredjeni nivo regulacije; u protivnom - kad dara prevrsi meru - nece biti nikakvog izbora osim totalne regulacije, tj. centralnog planiranja. Eto, i ovaj Phillips se zalaze za podrustvljavanje™ farmaceutske industrije, sto se naravno nece desiti. Dok ne dogori do nokata... ofkors. Mene to nekako podseca na onaj film, There Will Be Blood. Sve je po sistemu, teraj ovako, pa dokle ide. Do daske.