Besmrtnost

[Bakemono]

Dobra stvar kod pacova je što su toliko silčni nama. Da im je nešto falilo od ovoga manifestovalo bi se. Ne bih imao problem da time začinim salatu ili sendvič.

A jesi li razmišljao o tome da nabaviš tu supstancu i da to zaista uradiš? Meni zvuči kul.

[bigvlada]

A jesi li razmišljao o tome da nabaviš tu supstancu i da to zaista uradiš? Meni zvuči kul.

Da.

[bigvlada]

http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/beyond-resveratrol-the-anti-aging-nad-fad/

[bigvlada]

 

Ageing process may be reversible, scientists claim

 

New form of gene therapy shown to produce rejuvenating effect in mice, although scientists say human clinical applications are decade away

 

Wrinkles, grey hair and niggling aches are normally regarded as an inevitable part of growing older, but now scientists claim that the ageing process may be reversible.

 

Scientists to 'reset' blood proteins in attempt to slow ageing process

 

The team showed that a new form of gene therapy produced a remarkable rejuvenating effect in mice. After six weeks of treatment, the animals looked younger, had straighter spines and better cardiovascular health, healed quicker when injured, and lived 30% longer.

 

Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte, who led the work at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California, said: “Our study shows that ageing may not have to proceed in one single direction. With careful modulation, ageing might be reversed.”

 

The genetic techniques used do not lend themselves to immediate use in humans, and the team predict that clinical applications are a decade away. However, the discovery raises the prospect of a new approach to healthcare in which ageing itself is treated, rather than the various diseases associated with it.

 

The findings also challenge the notion that ageing is simply the result of physical wear and tear over the years. Instead, they add to a growing body of evidence that ageing is partially – perhaps mostly – driven by an internal genetic clock that actively causes our body to enter a state of decline.

 

The scientists are not claiming that ageing can be eliminated, but say that in the foreseeable future treatments designed to slow the ticking of this internal clock could increase life expectancy.

 

“We believe that this approach will not lead to immortality,” said Izpisua Belmonte. “There are probably still limits that we will face in terms of complete reversal of ageing. Our focus is not only extension of lifespan but most importantly health-span.”

 

Wolf Reik, a professor of epigenetics at the Babraham Institute, Cambridge, who was not involved in the work, described the findings as “pretty amazing” and agreed that the idea of life-extending therapies was plausible. “This is not science fiction,” he said.

 

The rejuvenating treatment given to the mice was based on a technique that has previously been used to “rewind” adult cells, such as skin cells, back into powerful stem cells, very similar to those seen in embryos. These so-called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have the ability to multiply and turn into any cell type in the body and are already being tested in trials designed to provide “spare parts” for patients.

 

The latest study is the first to show that the same technique can be used to partially rewind the clock on cells – enough to make them younger, but without the cells losing their specialised function.

 

“Obviously there is a logic to it,” said Reik. “In iPS cells you reset the ageing clock and go back to zero. Going back to zero, to an embryonic state, is probably not what you want, so you ask: where do you want to go back to?”

 

The treatment involved intermittently switching on the same four genes that are used to turn skin cells into iPS cells. The mice were genetically engineered in such a way that the four genes could be artificially switched on when the mice were exposed to a chemical in their drinking water.

 

The scientists tested the treatment in mice with a genetic disorder, called progeria, which is linked to accelerated ageing, DNA damage, organ dysfunction and dramatically shortened lifespan.

 

After six weeks of treatment, the mice looked visibly younger, skin and muscle tone improved and they lived 30% longer. When the same genes were targeted in cells, DNA damage was reduced and the function of the cellular batteries, called the mitochondria, improved.

 

“This is the first time that someone has shown that reprogramming in an animal can provide a beneficial effect in terms of health and extend their lifespan,” said Izpisua Belmonte.

 

Crucially, the mice did not have an increased cancer risk, suggesting that the treatment had successfully rewound cells without turning them all the way back into stem cells, which can proliferate uncontrollably in the body.

 

The potential for carcinogenic side-effects means that the first people to benefit are likely to be those with serious genetic conditions, such as progeria, where there is more likely to be a medical justification for experimental treatments. “Obviously the tumour risk is lurking in the background,” said Reik.

 

The approach used in the mice could not be readily applied to humans as it would require embryos to be genetically manipulated, but the Salk team believe the same genes could be targeted with drugs.

 

“These chemicals could be administrated in creams or injections to rejuvenate skin, muscle or bones,” said Izpisua Belmonte. “We think these chemical approaches might be in human clinical trials in the next ten years.”

 

The findings are published in the journal Cell.

 

This article was amended on 16 December 2016. A previous version erroneously gave Wolf Reik’s affiliation as the University of Cambridge. This has now been corrected to the Babraham Institute, Cambridge.

 

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/dec/15/ageing-process-may-be-reversible-scientists-claim

 

 

If there is anything I have learned in my travels across the Planes, it is that many things may change the nature of a man. Whether regret, or love, or revenge or fear - whatever you believe can change the nature of a man, can. I’ve seen belief move cities, make men stave off death, and turn an evil hag's heart half-circle. This entire Fortress has been constructed from belief. Belief damned a woman, whose heart clung to the hope that another loved her when he did not. Once, it made a man seek immortality and achieve it. And it has made a posturing spirit think it is something more than a part of me.

 

[bigvlada]

Proteins that reprogram cells can turn back mice’s aging clock

Treatment increased life spans of prematurely aging rodents

BY 

TINA HESMAN SAEY

12:00PM, DECEMBER 15, 2016

OUT WITH THE OLD  Partially reprogramming cells in the body may reverse some signs of aging. Shown are a mouse with a premature aging disease called progeria (left) and a mouse with progeria that got reprogramming treatments (right).

SALK INSTITUTE

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Four proteins that can transform adult cells into embryonic-like ones can also turn back the aging clock, a new study in mice suggests.

Partial reprogramming of cells within prematurely aging mice’s bodies extended the rodents’ average life span from 18 weeks to 24 weeks, researchers report December 15 in Cell. Normal mice saw benefits, too: Muscles and pancreas cells healed better in middle-aged mice that got rejuvenation treatments than in mice that did not. The experiment could be evidence that epigenetic marks — chemical tags on DNA and proteins that change with age, experience, disease and environmental exposures — are a driving factor of aging. Some marks accumulate with age while others are lost.

“It’s an inspiring paper,” says Jan van Deursen, a biologist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., who studies diseases of aging. He gives the paper an “A” for sparking imagination, but lower marks for practical applications to human aging because it would involve gene therapy and could be risky. “It’s all cool, but I don’t see that it could ever be applied in medicine,” he says. “We could be terribly wrong. Hopefully we are.”

Researchers reset the mice’s aging clock by genetically engineering the animals to make four proteins when the rodents were treated with the antibiotic doxycycline. Those four proteins — Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc — are known as “Yamanaka factors” after Shinya Yamanaka. The Nobel Prize‒winning scientist demonstrated in 2006 that the proteins could turn an adult cell into an embryonic-like cell known as an induced pluripotent stem cell, or iPS cell (SN: 11/3/12, p. 13; SN: 7/14/07, p. 29).

Living curve

Prematurely aging mice with progeria have an average life span of about 18 weeks (red), but giving the mice twice weekly cell reprogramming treatments increased their average life span to 24 weeks (blue).

 

A. OCAMPO ET AL/CELL2016

 

The factors help strip away epigenetic marks that enable cells to know whether they are heart, brain, muscle or kidney cells, for example. As a result, stripped cells revert to the ultraflexible pluripotent state and are capable of becoming nearly any type of cell. Other researchers have used the Yamanaka factors to reprogram cells within living mice before, but those attempts resulted in the growth of tumors. (Cancer cells resemble stem cells in that they don’t have a specific identity and are “undifferentiated.”)

Those tumors indicated to Alejandro Ocampo and colleagues that the proteins were rewriting epigenetic programming to take cells back to an undifferentiated state. But “you don’t need to go all the way back to pluripotency” to erase the marks associated with aging, says Ocampo, a stem cell biologist at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, Calif. A milder reprogramming treatment might reverse aging without stripping away cells’ identity, leading to cancer, Ocampo and colleagues thought.

The researchers put genetically engineered mice with a premature aging disease called progeria on a regimen in which the animals were treated with doxycycline two days per week to turn on the Yamanaka factors. Mice that made the reprogramming proteins lived six weeks longer on average than mice that didn’t get the treatment. The mice didn’t get cancer, but still died prematurely (lab mice usually live two to three years on average). “We are far away from perfection,” Ocampo says.

Normally aging mice also got benefits from the treatment. When the animals were 1 year old (roughly middle-aged), the researchers treated them with doxycycline two days per week for three weeks. Treated mice were better able to repair muscles and replace insulin-producing cells in the pancreas than untreated mice. Not all organs fared as well, Ocampo says, citing preliminary evidence. Ongoing experiments will determine whether the epigenetic reprogramming can make the mice live any longer or healthier.

Story continues below image. 

Amassing muscle

With age, muscles lose the ability to repair themselves (a cross section of a muscle from a normally aging mouse, left). But treatments that reprogram cells in the body to a more youthful state improved muscle regeneration in mice (right).

 

SALK INSTITUTE

 

People probably won’t be genetically engineered the way mice are. But chemicals and small molecules might also be able to wipe away epigenetic residue that builds up with aging and restore marks that were lost over time, returning to a pattern seen in youth, Ocampo suggests.

Researchers still don’t know whether all cells are rejuvenated by the treatment. Yamanaka factors may breathe new life into aging stem cells, allowing them to replenish damaged tissues. Or the factors may wake up senescent cells — cells that have shut down normal functions and cease to divide, but may send signals to neighboring cells that cause them to age (SN: 3/5/16, p. 8). Reviving senescent cells could be dangerous, says van Deursen; the body shuts cells down to prevent them from becoming cancerous.

Plenty of evidence indicates that resetting epigenetic programming can extend life, says Ocampo. He points to a recent report that Dolly the Sheep’s cloned sisters are aging normally (SN: 8/20/16, p. 6) as a hopeful sign that reprogramming probably isn’t dangerous, and might one day safely prevent many of the diseases associated with aging in people, if not lengthening life spans. 

 

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/proteins-reprogram-cells-can-turn-back-mices-aging-clock

[Gospodin Slucaj]

zar nije nedavno utvrđeno da ljudski organizmi imaju rok trajanja od max 120 godina

statistički  utvrđeno...

 

ja se bojim bolesti ne i smrti

i ne vidim kako je moguće produžavati život a da nemamo lek protiv raka alchajmera itd

 

ali bih voleo da na neki način vidim budućnost recimo za deset hiljada godina

e sad da li kriogenizacijom da li aploudovanjem svesti u komp da li konstantnim podmlađivanjem to mi je manje bitno

[bigvlada]

Ako je matori Ramzes II mogao da doživi 90 sa ondašnjim stepenom nauke, onda su današnjih rekordnih 122-128 smešna cifra. 

[Time Crisis]

Ako je matori Ramzes II mogao da doživi 90 sa ondašnjim stepenom nauke, onda su današnjih rekordnih 122-128 smešna cifra. 

 

Na osnovu čega? Ako pacijent ima npr. 90 ili više godina, bilo kakva operacija se smatra visoko rizičnom i vrlo verovatno se neće ni raditi. Većina današnjih stogodišnjaka je doživelo te godine zahvljajući sebi, a ne nauci i tu nema bitne razlike u odnosu na Ramzesa. :)

[hazard]

Na osnovu čega? Ako pacijent ima npr. 90 ili više godina, bilo kakva operacija se smatra visoko rizičnom i vrlo verovatno se neće ni raditi. Većina današnjih stogodišnjaka je doživelo te godine zahvljajući sebi, a ne nauci i tu nema bitne razlike u odnosu na Ramzesa. :)

 

Kod nas se smatra visoko rizicnom, na Zapadu se radi redovno.

 

Da li je vecina dozivela te godine samo zahvaljujuci sebi? Pa ne znam bas. Ima dosta tih 90+ koji bi umrli u roku od 7 dana da ne uzimaju saku lekova svaki dan. Pritom se u danasnje doba cesto zaboravljaju rudimentarni proboji moderne medicine (penicilin, vakcine) koji su znacajno oborili stopu smrtnosti i povecali prosecni zivotni vek. Neki danasnji 90godisnjak bi mozda bez toga umro u 35. ili 55. od neke prehlade ili bakterijske infekcije ili nekih boginja.

[Time Crisis]

Kod nas se smatra visoko rizicnom, na Zapadu se radi redovno.

 

Da li je vecina dozivela te godine samo zahvaljujuci sebi? Pa ne znam bas. Ima dosta tih 90+ koji bi umrli u roku od 7 dana da ne uzimaju saku lekova svaki dan. Pritom se u danasnje doba cesto zaboravljaju rudimentarni proboji moderne medicine (penicilin, vakcine) koji su znacajno oborili stopu smrtnosti i povecali prosecni zivotni vek. Neki danasnji 90godisnjak bi mozda bez toga umro u 35. ili 55. od neke prehlade ili bakterijske infekcije ili nekih boginja.

 

Naravno, danas ima daleko više ljudi koji dožive 80 ili 90 i više godina, ali nema još te šake lekova koja će učiniti da vek od 110-120 godina bude uobičajena stvar.

[Gospodin Slucaj]

sve ste pogrešili sad ću ja da vam razjasnim stvari

uz modernu medicinu životni vek je ograničen na tih 120-130 godina koje su dostižne i biće uobičajene 

[eumeswil]

Besmrtnost kao ideja u stvarnom svetu ima smisla koliko i neograničeni broj života u virtualnom/video igrama - obesmisliće ga.

 

Za tipove poput Kurcvila, poboljšanje kvaliteta života se svodi na usporavanje, zaustavljanje i obrtanje procesa starenja. Kako je to bedan, mehanički pogled na život. Prosto mi je žao takvih ljudi.

Edited December 27, 2016 by miki.bg

[bigvlada]

Besmrtnost kao ideja u stvarnom svetu ima smisla koliko i neograničeni broj života u virtualnom/video igrama - obesmisliće ga.

 

Za tipove poput Kurcvila, poboljšanje kvaliteta života se svodi na usporavanje, zaustavljanje i obrtanje procesa starenja. Kako je to bedan, mehanički pogled na život. Prosto mi je žao takvih ljudi.

 

mda, znaš li ti koliko treba vremena da se sa Kobrom mk III obiđe osam galaksija?  :D

 

Ako ti je ikada u životu bilo dosadno biće ti dosadno i za 1000 godina; međutim, ako ti u životu nikada nije bilo dosadno, neće ti biti dosadno ni za milion, uvek ima nešto novo da se vidi , iskusi, pročita, poseti. 

[Gospodin Slucaj]

Besmrtnost kao ideja u stvarnom svetu ima smisla koliko i neograničeni broj života u virtualnom/video igrama - obesmisliće ga.

 

Za tipove poput Kurcvila, poboljšanje kvaliteta života se svodi na usporavanje, zaustavljanje i obrtanje procesa starenja. Kako je to bedan, mehanički pogled na život. Prosto mi je žao takvih ljudi.

 

grešiš mnogo i imaš predrasude

a krzvajl je genije

[Meazza]

Besmrtnost kao ideja u stvarnom svetu ima smisla koliko i neograničeni broj života u virtualnom/video igrama - obesmisliće ga.

 

Za tipove poput Kurcvila, poboljšanje kvaliteta života se svodi na usporavanje, zaustavljanje i obrtanje procesa starenja. Kako je to bedan, mehanički pogled na život. Prosto mi je žao takvih ljudi.

 

A kakav je tvoj pogled na zivot kad ti je zao takvih ljudi? Svidja ti se sto ces ostariti i umreti?