Robotske misije

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Ako vam ova oblast nije dovoljno poznata a hteli bi da saznate više, evo nešto od literature, većinu možete naći na više puta pominanom library.nu sajtuCelestial Mechanics - the waltz of the planetsCosmochemistry, Cambridge university pressFundamentals of robotic mechanical systems - theory, methods and algorithmsRobot spacecraftSolar and space physics and its role in space exploration, national research councilPočnimo sa Vestom, jedna od najvećih stenčuga koja bi mogla biti korisna u budućnostiDawn returns first image from new worldBY STEPHEN CLARKSPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: July 18, 2011 NASA's Dawn spacecraft slipped into orbit Saturday around Vesta, one of the solar system's largest asteroids. The probe will spend a year circling the 300-mile-wide asteroid, unmasking its unexplored surface, measuring its gravity field and determining its chemical make-up. Scientists consider Vesta a leftover building block from the formation of the solar system. Objects like Vesta joined together to form the inner planets, but rubble stranded between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter eventually became the asteroid belt. NASA plans to release more imagery from Vesta during an Aug. 1 press conference. Read our full story on Dawn's arrival at Vesta this weekend. Dawn's framing camera took this image Sunday at a range of 9,000 miles from Vesta. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA Vesta is the second-most massive object in the asteroid belt, dwarfing other asteroids visited by spacecraft over the last few years. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/JAXA This enhanced image from Dawn's framing camera shows Vesta's south pole region, the site of a large ancient crater that littered the cosmos with debris, some of which falls to Earth as meteorites. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDAhttp://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1107/18vesta/

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Ovo ste verovatno već čuli, otkriven je četvrti Plutonov mesecHubble discovers Pluto’s fourth moonDR EMILY BALDWINASTRONOMY NOWPosted: 20 July 2011 Astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope to look for potential rings around dwarf planet Pluto have instead uncovered a fourth moon orbiting the distant icy world. The moon, currently assigned the temporary name P4, is the smallest of Pluto’s satellites – astronomers estimate that its diameter is between 13 and 34 kilometres. The largest moon Charon is 1,043km wide and Nix and Hydra are in the range of 32-113 kilometres. P4 is located between the orbits of Nix and Hydra. Two images, taken about a week apart by NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope, show Pluto’s four moons, including the newly discovered member P4. Image: NASA, ESA, and M. Showalter (SETI Institute). “I find it remarkable that Hubble’s cameras enabled us to see such a tiny object so clearly from a distance of more than 5 billion kilometres,” says Mark Showalter of the SETI Institute, who led this Hubble observing program. The moon was first identified in a Wide Field Camera 3 image taken on 28 June, and confirmed in follow-up images snapped on 3 and 18 July. The new images had much longer exposure times than those previously taken of Pluto’s neighbourhood, which is why P4 has been overlooked until now. The hunt for rings around Pluto stems from the idea that material blasted off Pluto’s moons by micrometeorite impacts may go into orbit around the planet. So far no evidence for the proposed ring has been identified, but the Hubble observations will continue to prime the New Horizons spacecraft for when it encounters the outer Solar System dwarf planets in 2015 for close-up investigation.http://www.astronomynow.com/news/n1107/20pluto/

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House panel proposes killing Hubble telescope successorBY STEPHEN CLARKSPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: July 6, 2011 Legislators seeking to rein in government spending have put the troubled James Webb Space Telescope up for cancellation, saying the successor to NASA's Hubble observatory is haunted by poor management and out-of-control costs. Artist's concept of the James Webb Space Telescope. Credit: NASA/ESA The next-generation space telescope is mired in a budgetary black hole. With an estimated cost of $6.5 billion and a cascade of delays, the flagship space mission could still be on the ground in 2018, NASA officials told Congress in April. Managers privately said launch of JWST could slip even later due to federal spending cutbacks. President Obama's 2012 budget proposal called for flat spending on JWST at $375 million annually over the next five years. Developed as the replacement for the Hubble Space Telescope, JWST is a joint project between NASA and the European Space Agency. With a 21.3-foot-diameter primary mirror, the telescope is designed to peer back in time almost to the Big Bang, giving astronomers a glimpse of infant galaxies as the universe cooled after its formation. The proposal to terminate JWST came from the House Appropriations Committee's panel overseeing NASA. The committee released their 2012 spending bill Wednesday, calling for more than $1.6 billion in cuts to NASA's budget from this year's levels. The Republican-led House subcommittee suggested a $16.8 billion NASA budget for fiscal year 2012, which begins in October. That's $1.9 billion less than the White House proposed in February. "The bill also terminates funding for the James Webb Space Telescope, which is billions of dollars over budget and plagued by poor management," lawmakers said in a press release. The Senate and the White House, which include JWST supporters, will weigh in on the federal budget before it becomes law. The budget must also pass the full House of Representatives. NASA officials have repeatedly told Congress, researchers and journalists that JWST's exorbitant cost is prohibiting the agency from conducting other astrophysics missions. JWST's budget problems will likely keep NASA from launching a gravitational wave detector named LISA or the International X-ray Observatory until the 2020s. In a report on NASA's JWST project management practices, an independent review panel said in November that the James Webb telescope needed an extra $500 million over the next two years to have a chance of launching by the end of 2015. The additional funding never materialized, prompting NASA Administrator Charles Bolden to tell a Senate committee in April that a realistic estimate of JWST's launch date could be as late as 2018. Before the independent review's release in November, NASA officially forecasted JWST would blast off in 2014. In the months since the panel issued its findings, NASA managers' unofficial statements have moved JWST's launch forecast four years later. Six of JWST's 18 primary mirror segments have completed cryogenic testing. Credit: NASA The report blamed mismanagement and poor budget discipline for the project's rising costs, leading JWST's cost billions of dollars beyond NASA's expectations. It pegged the mission's expected cost at $6.5 billion. NASA has finished its own internal analysis of JWST's cost and schedule, according to Dwayne Brown, an agency spokesperson. "This required a detailed analysis of all the work that remains to be done including all hardware components as well as a revised integration and test program," Brown told Spaceflight Now. "This has been completed and the new plan is undergoing independent review within the agency and by an outside team of experts to ensure adequate levels of both cost and schedule reserves in the appropriate years to successfully complete JWST development." According to Brown, the new cost and schedule baseline will help inform the Obama administration's next federal budget request to be issued in February 2012. NASA's own budget and launch date projections will not be released until the internal reviews are complete, Brown said. The independent review team concluded JWST was making steady technical progress despite the budget issues. About three-fourths of the telescope's hardware is already in production, according to Northrop Grumman Corp., JWST's prime contractor. NASA announced last week that all of the telescope's mirrors completed polishing, and most of the beryllium mirror segments have been coated with a thin film of gold to efficently reflect infrared light. The mirror segments are also now undergoing cryogenic tests in a super-cold chamber at the Marshall Space Flight Center in Hunstville, Ala. Scientists are also finishing work on JWST's four research instruments designed to peer deep into the cosmos and unravel how the infant universe formed and evolved. But much more construction and testing remain, especially on the chassis that will contain JWST's science instruments and on the spacecraft itself.http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1107/06jwst/Ovo je najplastičniji primer onoga o čemu ja govorim na temama o istraživanju svemira. Administracija (i to ne samo američka) sažvaće i ispljune svaki projekat, a samo retki dožive da iako užasno osakaćeni, budu sagrađeni i lansirani. Birokratija je bila i ostala najveći neprijatelj kosmičkim projektima.

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Posle 30 godina, sovjetski radio teleskop je konačno lansiran. Sada ćemo videti da li i šta emituju crne rupe. Russian satellite on mission to peer inside black holesBY STEPHEN CLARKSPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: July 18, 2011 Russia launched a long-delayed radio telescope Monday to help astronomers see deeper into supermassive black holes, obtain views of collapsed stars and better measure the influence of dark energy on the cosmos. The Spektr-R radio observatory launched on a Zenit rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Credit: Roscosmos It was the largest Russian-led space telescope to launch in two decades. The launch came a few months before Russia plans to send a probe to Mars in November on the country's first interplanetary mission since 1996. The 8,000-pound Spektr-R spacecraft blasted off at 0231 GMT Monday (10:31 p.m. EDT Sunday) on a Zenit 3F rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The 20-story rocket rumbled into a clear morning sky at Baikonur, disappearing from view as it shed its kerosene-fueled first stage above the stratosphere. Less than 10 minutes after launch, the two-stage Zenit, supplied by Ukraine, placed the Russian Freget upper stage into a parking orbit a few hundred miles high. The Fregat stage fired twice to propel the Spektr-R satellite into a higher orbit reaching as far as 210,000 miles from Earth, according to Roscosmos, the Russian space agency. The Fregat upper stage released the satellite at 0606 GMT (2:06 a.m. EDT), Roscosmos reported. The craft's flight path will naturally shift due to the influence of the moon's gravity over the course of the five-year mission. It will take Spektr-R up to nine days to go around the Earth in its egg-shaped orbit. Spektr-R will next extend two solar arrays and unfurl its flower-like dish receiver antenna to a diameter of 10 meters, or almost 33 feet. It is comprised of 27 carbon fiber petals that take up to two hours to fully deploy. The Spektr-R satellite is one element of an international network of observatories in a project called RadioAstron. When linked with ground-based telescopes across the globe, Spektr-R will facilitate unprecedented views into black holes that form the centers of galaxies. Diagram of Spektr-R's orbit and a ground-based telescope, illustrating the concept of interferometry. Credit: Lebedev Physical Isntitute/Astro Space Center The combination of ground and space telescopes is called interferometry, creating an artifical observatory comparable to a single dish larger than Earth. The broad size of the combined instrument means it can collect extremely faint radio signals unheard by any other sensor. The RadioAstron project's exceptional sensitivity could allow the connected telescopes to peer into black holes and resolve the event horizon, the point at which nothing -- not even light -- can escape a black hole's immense gravitational grasp. When tied together, RadioAstron's telescopes have a resolution of 7 microarcseconds. That's thousands of times better than the Hubble Space Telescope, which has a peak resolution between 0.05 and 0.1 arcseconds. An arcsecond is swath of the sky measuring less than three one-thousandths of a degree. But Hubble observes the universe in visible, ultraviolet and near-infrared light, while the RadioAstron mission will unveil the unseen cosmos emitting radio waves. One of the primary targets the RadioAstron team plans to study is M87, a nearby galaxy that features a jet of matter emanating from a supermassive black hole at its center. It is also a well-known source of radio waves. The M87 galaxy is the best opportunity for RadioAstron researchers to image the event horizon, which is large enough to swallow the entire solar system. Astronomers estimate M87's central black hole is 6.6 billion times as massive as the sun. Artist's concept of the Spektr-R satellite in orbit. Credit: NPO Lavochkin The RadioAstron project could potentially answer the question of whether the galaxy's core actually contains the mouth of a wormhole, a theorized shortcut through space and time, according to the Lebedev Physical Institute's Astro Space Center, a division of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The Astro Space Center is coordinating the Spektr-R mission. The spacecraft was manufactured by NPO Lavochkin, a leading Russian satellite developer. Other scientific studies for the RadioAstron mission include pulsars -- the fast-spinning collapsed remnants of dead stars -- dark energy's role in the expansion of the universe, star formation, and interstellar plasma, according to the Astro Space Center. Before Spektr-R, radio telescope interferometers were limited to the size of Earth. But the Russian-led satellite mission was deployed in an orbit taking it nearly to the moon, adding a new observatory to the chain of ground-based facilities and expanding their collecting area into space. Russian scientists first drew up plans for the Spektr-R mission three decades ago, but the project was mired in economic muck during the fall of the Soviet Union and the early years of a new Russian government. After scrapping a complex spacecraft design riddled with technical problems and rising costs, Russian engineers settled on a more modest mission in the early 2000s. Spektr-R's 33-foot reflector during a deployment test on the ground. Credit: NPO Lavochkin The RadioAstron project includes major contributions from the United States, China, India, Australia, Japan, Germany, Spain, Italy, Finland, Hungary, the Netherlands, and the European Space Agency. The first "fringe search" science campaign involving Spektr-R is planned later this year once the satellite finishes testing in orbit. The 1,000-foot-diameter Arecibo observatory in Puerto Rico will join the search, along with the smaller Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia, a 330-foot-wide dish in Effelsberg, Germany, and up to a half-dozen more facilities around the world, according to the Astro Space Center's website. More radio telescopes on Earth could participate in future searches.http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1107/18spektr/

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Jeste da je na Marsu pronađena voda, ali meni je ovo još fascinantnija vest, voda koja ide od Enceladusa do SaturnaEnceladus feeds water to Saturnby Amanda Doylefor ASTRONOMY NOWPosted: 28 July 2011 A 14 year old mystery has been solved as astronomers discover that plumes of water gushing from Saturn’s moon Enceladus are the source of water in the planet's upper atmosphere. Water vapour was detected in a massive torus surrounding Saturn by astronomers using ESA's Herschel Space Observatory. The torus has a thickness equivalent to Saturn's radius and it extends to a distance ten times wider. The torus remained invisible up until now as water vapour is translucent in visible light at such distances, however, infrared observations by Herschel easily revealed Saturn's secret water stash, which then rains down into the ringed planet's upper atmosphere. Cassini image of the plumes of water vapour erupting from Enceladus' south pole. Image: NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute Jets of water vapour spewing from the south pole of Saturn's moon Enceladus at rates of around 250 kilograms every second are what feed this torus. The jets were first observed by the Cassini space probe in 2006, and originate from a region of winding fissures dubbed the Tiger Stripes. Water vapour was first discovered in Saturn’s upper atmosphere in 1997 using ESA’s Infrared Space Observatory, but until now astronomers have been baffled by how it got there. While water can exist in the lower atmosphere, the vapour pressure is too low higher in the atmosphere for it to occur naturally. “We have a similar situation on the Earth,” explains Paul Hartogh of the Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung and lead author of the Astronomy & Astrophysics paper. “The relative abundance of water in air on the ground can be as high as four percent. With increasing altitude the temperature in the atmosphere is decreasing and in the tropopause region (10-18 kilometres high) it reaches a relative minimum, as low as 190 Kelvin. The vapour pressure of water decreases dramatically at 190 Kelvin so that only about four parts per million of water vapour contributes to air. This is 10,000 times less than on the ground.” However there is even less water vapour on Saturn due to even lower temperatures in the gas giant’s tropopause. “On Saturn the tropopause temperature is around 85 - 90 Kelvin,” says Hartogh. “At these low temperatures the vapour pressure of water is even more than a billion times lower than in the Earth tropopause. Water vapour cannot exist there and therefore cannot be transported into Saturn's stratosphere from below.” This means that water vapour cannot exist on Saturn unless it comes from an external source. The amount of water detected in Saturn’s atmosphere by Herschel is equivalent to the amount that is being rained down on the planet from the surrounding torus. Enceladus is now unique as this precipitation makes it the only moon in the Solar System to affect its planet's composition.http://astronomynow.com/news/n1107/28enceladus/

[noskich]

Meni vrlo zanimljiv dokumentarac o hipotetickoj upotrebi robota za otkrivanje vanzemaljskog zivota.http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=PKxUUtT9gsMPored ovog filma preporucujem emisiju o hipotetickim modelima ekosistema van Zemlje (cini mi se da je bilo na Discovery-ju).

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Novi rover je gotovo spreman, sledećeg leta bi trebalo da štrapacira po marsu. NASA completes testing of sophisticated Mars roverBY STEPHEN CLARKSPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: August 14, 2011 Engineers finished up functional testing of the $2.5 billion Mars Science Laboratory last week, verifying the Curiosity rover can make it to Mars and pursue scientific clues that the planet may have once harbored life.The Curiosity rover seen as it will look on Mars next year. Check out more photos of the rover. Credit: Stephen Clark/Spaceflight Now NASA will start configuring the car-sized rover for launch this week, then cocoon the sensitive robot inside a protective heat shield and ready the craft for liftoff Nov. 25 at 10:21 a.m. EST from Cape Canaveral, Fla. The Curiosity rover's destination is Gale crater, a scenic impact site carved out of the Martian landscape when a comet or asteroid stuck the planet long ago. The crater spans 96 miles across, and Curiosity is aiming for a narrow target at the base of a lofty mountain towering nearly three miles high. "We just wrapped up our last functional test of the vehicle," said Dave Gruel, the manager overseeing MSL's assembly, test and launch operations. "Our functional test campaign included things like showing the vehicle can float through the solar system, showing we can successfully go and do the entry, descent and landing phase, get down to the surface and actually deploy the arm, deploy the mast, take images and things of that nature." Over the next few weeks, technicians working inside an ultra-clean processing facility will stow the rover's high-gain communications antenna, retract and lock the robot arm, latch its camera mast for launch, and tuck its six wheels into the configuration for the trip to Mars. Torsten Zorn, an integration test engineer, said the front wheels will be toed in 50 degrees and the rear wheels angled 10 degrees for launch. "We'll just fold it up like a little insect and latch everything down," Zorn said. NASA allowed news reporters and photographers into the clean room Friday to see the rover as it will appear on the surface of Mars. Concerned that germs from Earth could contaminate the mission's scientific results, everyone allowed near the rover must wear special coveralls, a hood to cover the head and a mask. "We're going to start stowing the vehicle for launch," Gruel said. "What that basically means is we're going to take the arm, and we're going to put the arm nice and close up against the vehicle. We're going to put the mast down. We're going to tuck the mobility system nice and tight. Once we're in that configuration, that's the configuration the rover is in at launch." Engineers will conduct thorough checks of the spacecraft's electrical system in parallel with the mechanical work.The Mars Science Laboratory's descent stage is almost ready for launch. Check out more photos of the spacecraft. Credit: Stephen Clark/Spaceflight Now "One of the things we do periodically after major reconfigurations or after new flight software loads is we go through and test every copper path throughout the flight system," said Jonathan Grinblat, a systems engineer helping prepare Curiosity for launch. "That means everything on the rover, all the instruments, all the mechanisms. We also go through the descent stage, look at the thrusters to make sure we can throttle them, and then also the cruise stage." The rover arrived at Kennedy Space Center on June 22 aboard a U.S. Air Force C-17 cargo plane. The mission's heat shield and aerodynamic shell was shipped to KSC in May. Once Curiosity is in launch shape, crews will place the rover beneath a rocket-powered descent stage. Similar to previous Mars landers, Curiosity will plow through the planet's thin atmosphere safeguarded by a heat shield attached to a nearly 15-foot-wide aeroshell, larger than the diameter of the Apollo command module. Engineers will encapsulate the rover and descent stage inside the cone-shaped aeroshell this fall. The final act will be adding the cruise stage, the spacecraft bus that will shepherd the rover from Earth to Mars during the nearly 10-month cruise through the solar system. "That forms the configuration that we will launch on the Atlas 5 in November of this year," Gruel said. "We will actually complete our encapsulation process probably in the last week of October. We then have to fuel the cruise stage. The Atlas team then brings the [payload] fairing out here, and we encapsulate inside [the processing] facility. Then we head out to the launch site for launch on the 25th of November." Workers will add the rover's plutonium power source when the probe reaches the launch pad and is mated to the Atlas 5 rocket. Once the craft endures the 3,800-degree Fahrenheit heat of atmospheric entry at Mars, a parachute will deploy to slow its velocity, and the craft will jettison the blackened heat shield. Then the real fun begins. After falling free of the parachute about a mile above the surface, eight small rocket engines mounted to a descent stage will fire up to maneuver the nuclear-powered rover to a safe landing zone. With pulsing radar beams constantly giving its computer altitude and motion updates, the descent stage will throttle the thrusters for control and lower the nearly 2,000-pound rover to the surface on three bridles. Animation of the descent stage sky crane lowering the Curiosity rover to the surface of Mars. Credit: NASA The revolutionary technique is named the sky crane after the heavy-lifting helicopters used in construction of skyscrapers. It allows for more precise landings, heavier cargos and places the rover's wheels directly on the surface instead of using a landing pad. But the sky crane architecture has never been tried before. Mars surface missions up to now have used cushioning airbags or rocket-powered landers with legs. "It's pretty overwhelming," Gruel said. "We all got to see the Juno launch a couple of days ago and realizing that we are next up, that the next rocket that's going to be on that pad is going to be for MSL is a pretty humbling experience for the team. We all realize that the finish line is upon us with respect to getting Curioisty ready to launch." All the testing so far was meant to ensure any last-minute bugs were caught on the ground and didn't crop up during the flight. "We're all really confident that we've exercised Curiosity to the best of our ability and what's next up for Curiosity is actually get down on the surface of Mars and show us what she's capable of doing."http://spaceflightnow.com/atlas/av028/110814testing/

[noskich]

Vlado, hteo bih da te pitam za misljenje posto vidim da si upucen.Citao sam pre (ne secam se gde) da je zbog ogromnih rastojanja u svemiru i ogranicenosti tehnologije jedini realan nacin da se otkriju pogodne planete za zivot kao i moguci vanzemaljski zivot slanje sto je moguce veceg broja robotskih misija na destinacije na kojima postoji velika verovatnoca da ce te misije moci da se repliciraju, tj. da misija nakon sto sleti pristupi ne samo analizi planete vec i izgradnji novih misija od strane AI-ja koji bi odlucio gde bi se dalje poslale novoizgradjene posade.Na ovaj nacin bi se broj misija eksponencijalno uvecavao protokom vremena dok ne bi dostigao toliko masovan broj da bi u nekom trenutku ljudi mogli da zakljuce da u galaksiji nema inteligentnog vanzemaljskog zivota ako se nista ne bi otkrilo. Danas jos nemamo dovoljno pametan AI koji bi mogao da samostalno organizuje izgradnju nove flote i proracuna verovatnocu gde bi najbolje bilo da se ona posalje, ali pretpostavljam da cemo tako nesto imati do kraja veka.

Edited August 17, 2011 by noskich

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hmm, da nismo otkrili spektroskopiju pa da ovo bude realan scenario, ali nije tako. Danas astronomi iz udobnosti svojih kancelarija mogu da analiziraju sastav atmosfere pojedinih planeta van sunčevog sistema. Prve slike središta mlečnog puta su videla dva astronoma na svojim monitorima u Evropi, dok je samo snimanje obavio VLT (very large telescope, u Čileu). Kada (i ako) Džejms Veb svemirski teleskop (naslednik Habla) bude lansiran, uz ruski i evropski teleskop naše mogućnosti za detektovanje i analiziranje nebeskih tela će se drastično uvećati. Naravno, konačni cilj je opservatorija na tamnoj strani meseca, izolovana od bilo kakvih interferencija sa zemlje. Drugi problem sa ovakvim konceptom je pogonski sitem. Ako uzmeš u obzir sve teoretske koncepte motora (koji ne krše postojeće zakone fizike), najviše što možeš da dobiješ je 0,7C. Do Alfa Kentaure bi trebale godine. Ta ideja sa repliciranjem fino funkcioniše kada su u pitanju nanomašine, ali ovo bi podrazumevalo gradnju broda bez brodogradilišta. Džabe ti AI kada ti fali sve ostalo.

[noskich]

hmm, da nismo otkrili spektroskopiju pa da ovo bude realan scenario, ali nije tako. Danas astronomi iz udobnosti svojih kancelarija mogu da analiziraju sastav atmosfere pojedinih planeta van sunčevog sistema. Prve slike središta mlečnog puta su videla dva astronoma na svojim monitorima u Evropi, dok je samo snimanje obavio VLT (very large telescope, u Čileu). Kada (i ako) Džejms Veb svemirski teleskop (naslednik Habla) bude lansiran, uz ruski i evropski teleskop naše mogućnosti za detektovanje i analiziranje nebeskih tela će se drastično uvećati. Naravno, konačni cilj je opservatorija na tamnoj strani meseca, izolovana od bilo kakvih interferencija sa zemlje. Drugi problem sa ovakvim konceptom je pogonski sitem. Ako uzmeš u obzir sve teoretske koncepte motora (koji ne krše postojeće zakone fizike), najviše što možeš da dobiješ je 0,7C. Do Alfa Kentaure bi trebale godine. Ta ideja sa repliciranjem fino funkcioniše kada su u pitanju nanomašine, ali ovo bi podrazumevalo gradnju broda bez brodogradilišta. Džabe ti AI kada ti fali sve ostalo.

Hmm, pojedinih planeta? Zvuci vrlo ogranicavajuce i u smislu toga sta se moze posmatrati i u smislu kakva kolicina i kvalitet podataka se mogu dobiti.Pa da, ovaj koncept sa samorepliciranjem nije brz, na kratke staze je vrlo spor, ali zato za par vekova bi mogao da se pokaze kao veliki uspeh.Ti svakako moras jako dugo vremena da putujes bilo gde van suncevog sistema sto kao nuznost namece iskljucivo robotske misije. Jedino repliciranjem mozes da drasticno povecas dostupnost tim misijama lokacijama na velikoj udaljenosti.

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Pre ćemo postaviti velike teleskope nego što ćemo stići čak i do prve zvezde. Što se tiče samorepliciranja, to nisu kolonije bakterija u petrijevoj šolji pa da ti treba samo malo svetla i vode. To bi značilo da bi u svakom narednom sistemu jedan brod-robot morao da prvo izgradi kompletnu infrastrukturu koja bi mu bila potrebna da napravi sopstvenog klona. Šta ako taj sistem nema planeta? Ili nema asteroidnog pojasa odakle bi se uzeo gro materijala za gradnju? Ili nema gasovitih džinova iz čije atmosfere bi se uzelo gorivo? Da ide do narednog sistema? Šta ako nema goriva da ide bilo gde van tog sistema? Ne, bolja varijanta je ići na sigurno, sa zemlje ili meseca odabrati najbolje kandidate i onda slati misije kakve je zamislio Alan Bond tokom sedamdesetih (sada pravi SSTO ), letelica kakva je opisana u projektu Dedalhttp://news.discovery.com/space/project-daedalus-size-comparison-110119.htmlhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RfsKxnPK6ls&feature=player_embeddedbtw. postojala je i varijanta Dedala koja bi se samoreplicirala, ali koja pati od svih gorenavedenih primedbi. Ako te interesuje, evo ti jedna detaljna studija o problemu, sa sve cenovnikom, potrebnim materijalima, vremenima gradnje i bibliografijom. http://www.rfreitas.com/Astro/ReproJBISJuly1980.htm

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Ovo je video koji predstavlja princip rada fuzionog motora, sličnog onom u Dedaluhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTL9nZmPT3s&feature=related

[noskich]

Pre ćemo postaviti velike teleskope nego što ćemo stići čak i do prve zvezde. Što se tiče samorepliciranja, to nisu kolonije bakterija u petrijevoj šolji pa da ti treba samo malo svetla i vode. To bi značilo da bi u svakom narednom sistemu jedan brod-robot morao da prvo izgradi kompletnu infrastrukturu koja bi mu bila potrebna da napravi sopstvenog klona. Šta ako taj sistem nema planeta? Ili nema asteroidnog pojasa odakle bi se uzeo gro materijala za gradnju? Ili nema gasovitih džinova iz čije atmosfere bi se uzelo gorivo? Da ide do narednog sistema? Šta ako nema goriva da ide bilo gde van tog sistema? Ne, bolja varijanta je ići na sigurno, sa zemlje ili meseca odabrati najbolje kandidate i onda slati misije kakve je zamislio Alan Bond tokom sedamdesetih (sada pravi SSTO ), letelica kakva je opisana u projektu Dedal

Deluje mi da donekle samom sebi protivrecis. Prvo pominjes teleskope, a zatim uzimas u razmatranje mogucnost da nema resursa na krajnjoj destinaciji.Pa naravno da neces slati robotske misije nasumice vec ces prvo detaljno istraziti koje su lokacije za misiju najpogodnije a zatim od tih najpogodnijih odrediti optimalnu. Mislim da je mnogo sigurnije slati prvo manje robotske misije i tek onda nakon sto one na licu mesta ispitaju lokaciju slati takvo nesto kao taj Dedal.

[bigvlada]

Prvo pominjes teleskope, a zatim uzimas u razmatranje mogucnost da nema resursa na krajnjoj destinaciji.

Mislio sam da tvoj scenario podrazumeva slepo skakanje od zvezde do zvede, što je bila pogrešna premisa. Ja sam mislio odabiranje pogodnog sistema a zatim slanje robota koji bi obavio ispitivanja atmosfere, rudnih blaga i eventualnog ekosistema, tj. mapiranje svetova pogodnih za kolonizaciju ili eksploataciju resursa. Kada crkne poslati sledećeg da završi posao. Čekati 500-1000 godina za nastavak misije mi deluje preterano dugo.

Mislim da je mnogo sigurnije slati prvo manje robotske misije i tek onda nakon sto one na licu mesta ispitaju lokaciju slati takvo nesto kao taj Dedal

.Pitanje je koliko letelica može da bude mala a da ima mogućnost repliciranja i dovoljnu nosivost goriva da može da ide od zvezde do zvezde i pri tom odradi nešto korisno. U ovom poslednjem dokumentu koji sam postovao, zaključili su da će se pre istražiti cela galaksija nego što će sonde značajnije evoluirati. Uzimaju kao optimum da će fabrika uspeti da u proseku napravi 9 letelica pre nego što se nepopravljivo pokvari. Za jednu letelicu bi bilo potrebno minimum 500 godina.Da ne govorim o količini resursa (jedan jupiterov mesec svake tridesettri godine).

[noskich]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_probe#Von_Neumann_probes